Responsibility in Complex Conflicts: An Afghan Case

This paper discusses soldiers’ moral responsibility in today’s complex conflicts. The point of departure is the increased focus on soldiers as moral decision-makers in war, illustrated by the introduction of core values in the Norwegian Armed Forces. Responsibility is one of these core values, but it is not clear exactly how we should understand responsibility. I use a case where a group of Norwegian soldiers in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) sought the cooperation of a group of mujahedeen to solve the military mission of establishing security. As confidence between the parties grew, the soldiers became horrified witnesses to a practice of bacha bazi, where a young boy is dressed up for entertainment and sexual abuse. This situation gives reason to question the limits of role responsibility, the status of soldiers’ legitimacy, and the challenges of making morally sound judgments in a multicultural context. The discussion demonstrates that, even if there are restrictions on the soldiers’ freedom to act, a responsibility reaching beyond or extending their role should be recognized as part of the moral reality of modern soldiers.     

领悟社会支持与高中生学习投入的关系:自尊和未来教育规划的链式中介作用

目的:探究领悟社会支持对学习投入的影响,以及自尊和未来教育规划的链式中介效应。方法:采用领悟社会支持量表、自尊量表、未来教育规划问卷和学习投入量表,对446名高中生进行施测。结果:①各变量两两之间均存在显著地正相关(r=0.32~0.50,p<0.001);②领悟社会支持能正向预测高中生学习投入;③在领悟社会支持对高中生学习投入的预测中存在三条路径:一是自尊的中介作用;二是未来教育规划的中介作用;三是自尊和未来教育规划的链式中介作用,效果值分别为:14.81%,27.78%和16.67%。结论:领悟社会支持不仅直接影响高中生学习投入,还通过自尊和未来教育规划影响高中生学习投入。     

试论科技进步与中国国际责任的现实担当

当代科技进步不仅影响着世界格局的变革,也深刻影响着国家的外交行为。随着中国经济实力和科技实力的快速发展,中国更为主动、自信地以大国身份融入国际社会,在几乎所有重要的全球性国际机制中都发挥着积极作用,遵守和履行相应的规则和义务,承担为国际社会提供公共产品以及维护正常合理的国际秩序等国际责任。但随着全球问题的不断增多,国际社会对中国承担更多国际责任的期待也在增多,有些西方国家甚至要求中国承担超出能力的国际责任。面对错综复杂的新形势,中国应该清醒认识自身的国际角色定位,在确保自身崛起的前提下,以科技实力和综合国力承担起力所能及的国际责任,为中国的和平发展提供更广泛的认同基础。     

未就业随军配偶社会保险问题研究

未就业随军配偶的社会保险存在着险种少、标准低、接续难等问题,使未就业随军配偶的社会保险权益受到损害。分析当前未就业随军配偶社会保险存在的问题,提出随军未就业配偶社会保险问题的解决路径。     

我国青少年亲社会行为培养研究

青少年亲社会行为培养关涉一个民族、国家的未来和兴衰.青少年亲社会行为的深层次价值体现,乃是青少年对民族、国家的认同意识、忧患意识和担当意识的自觉与觉醒.对于青少年的亲社会行为培养,主要以坚持社会主义核心价值观为思想前提;以因循传统“知行合一”理论为培养的基本原则;以面向现实人生为培养的关键和落脚点,共同构建青少年的亲社会行为培养模式。     

MONEY IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN POLITICS

“Lack of money is the root of all evil”

George Bernard Shaw

In a environment where party financing, private funding in particular, is generally a laissez-faire business, as in most Southern African countries, there is the real risk that interest groups and wealthy individuals will buy influence in political parties and in so doing erode public confidence in the political system. Because they are neither open to public scrutiny nor subject to any legislative restraints, huge private donations can, and often do, come with strings attached. This lack of transparency and openness, as well as mechanisms to prevent it, provides ample ground for influence peddling, where those who pay the piper call the tune. Left unchecked, this party funding scenario will continue to be a serious indictment of the region's democratisation projects, crippling democracy and stunting economic development. This article consid     

THE 3rd PAN-AFRICAN PARLIAMENT SESSION

Frustrated by decades of authoritarian rule, political repression, economic mismanagement, poverty, soaring unemployment and other related injustices, the youth in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya rose up against the state, while Algeria and Morocco narrowly escaped the events of the so-called ‘Arab Spring’. This quest for political reform is an indication of a great collective shift that has the potential to reverberate throughout the African continent. However, to what extent can the youth succeed in bringing about the much-desired transition to democracy? This article focuses on the North African youth uprising and the quest for political reform in Africa. It examines the core issues of the youth uprising and the challenges to the attainment of political reform. A youth uprising can lead to genuine political reform if the major challenges in building new democratic forms of governance which can address economic disparity, protection of human rights, justice and security, can be overcome.     

South Africa's threat environment: a guide for the National Planning Commission

Abstract

The mandate of South Africa's recently appointed National Planning Commission includes addressing ‘defence and security matters’. This article seeks to outline the central elements of the threat environment facing South Africa in the foreseeable future. It is argued that South Africa faces no meaningful existential threat from conventional military forces but that its security forces will need to be prepared to address possible raids and attacks by conventional military forces both on home soil and on vital interests beyond the nation's borders. Other threats highlighted include the threats posed by potential insurgencies, by terrorism, and by crime, social unrest and banditry. Also addressed is the danger of so-called hybrid threats, in which two or more of the single threat types outlined here are combined. Finally, the article challenges the National Planning Commission to rethink South Africa's policy on peace operations in the light of the need to ensure the safety and security of the nation's citizenry.     

大学生领悟社会支持与应对方式的相关研究

对某校1000名本科生进行问卷调查,考察大学生应对方式特点和社会支持水平之间的关系。方法:领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、《简易应对方式问卷》(SCSQ)作为测查工具,测查了1000名大学生。结果:①生源变量在领悟社会支持和应对方式各维度上差异没有统计学意义。②领悟社会支持和应对方式在性别、年级、专业变量上有显著差异,男性多运用积极应对方式;大二学生在消极应对方式上得分最高;大四学生他人支持和积极应对方式上得分最高。③领悟社会支持和积极应对正相关,领悟社会支持得分越高,越倾向采取积极的应对方式。     

一般自我效能感与社会支持对中学生主观幸福感的影响

目的：探讨一般自我效能感、社会支持对中学生主观幸福感的影响,为提高中学生的主观幸福感提供理论依据。方法：采用一般自我效能感（GSES）、领悟社会支持（PASS）问卷和总体幸福感（PGWB）量表,对新疆地区部分中学的1000名中学生进行调查。结果：①不同性别中学生在一般自我效能感、其它支持和社会总支持存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;不同家庭类型中学生在领悟社会支持及各因子、忧郁或愉快的心境以及对情感和行为的控制方面存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。②总体幸福感中的对健康的担心这一因子与社会支持和各因子（其他支持除外）及一般自我效能感呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）,而其他各因子与社会支持各因子及自我效能感呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。③一般自我效能感、家庭支持和朋友支持对中学生主观幸福感具有显著地预测作用（P〈0.05）。结论：中学生的性别、家庭类型在一般自我效能感、社会支持和主观幸福感方面表现出差异性,且中学生的一般自我效能感、社会支持与中学生主观幸福感之间存在相互关系。