基于北斗短报文的远海实时精密单点定位

针对远海精密导航与定位费用高昂的问题,提出利用北斗短报文传输多模全球导航卫星系统的实时服务数据,实现远海实时精密单点定位。为了降低通信成本和硬件成本,本研究对实时服务数据进行简化,弥补了北斗短报文带宽的不足;为了克服北斗短报文频率低的缺点,采取了实时精密星历预报的方法,来获取分钟间隔以外时刻的卫星轨道位置和钟差改正。对基于北斗短报文的远海实时精密单点定位的数据处理过程进行了仿真模拟。后期处理实测海洋观测数据,对定位性能进行测试,可实现水平方向厘米级定位,竖直方向精度为10~20 cm。该方法为低成本的远海实时定位提供了技术参考。     

Numerical modelling of non-ideal detonation in ANFO explosives applying Wood-Kirkwood theory coupled with EXPLO5 thermochemical code

Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) based explosive is a classic example of non-ideal high explosives. Its detonation is characterized by a strong dependence of detonation parameters on explosive charge diameter, presence and characteristics of confinement, as well as incomplete consumption of explosive at the sonic point.In this work we propose a detonation model based on the Wood-Kirkwood (WK) theory coupled with the thermochemical code EXPLO5 and supplemented with reaction rate models. Our objective is to analyze the validity of the model for highly non-ideal ANFO explosives, with emphasis on effect of reaction rate models.It was found that both single-step and two-step pressure-based models can be calibrated to reproduce experimental detonation velocity-charge radius data of ANFO at radii significantly above the failure radius (i.e. for D/D_id > ∼0.6). Single-step pressure-based model, with the pressure exponent equal to 1.4, proved to be the most accurate, even in the vicinity of the failure radius. The impact of the rate models is most evident on temporal (and spatial) distribution of flow parameters in detonation driving zone, especially when it comes to the conversion and width of detonation driving zone.     

Increasing of photostability of HNS explosive in the presence of UV photostabilizers

The photostabilies of hexanitrostillbene(HNS)were studied at 1％wt.of photostabilizers.The photo-stabilizers of Chiguard BP-12(UV-531),ADK STAB LA-326(UV-326),ADK STAB LA-32(UV-P),Irganox 1010 and Everstab LS944 were used in this study.A photoreactor including a 30 W monochromatic UV lamp was used for investigation of photodegradations of solid HNS.The changes in surface area of HNS peak in HPLC chromatogram at time intervals of 2,4,6 and 8 h were used for calculation of kinetic rate constants of photodegradation process.The compound of UV-P photostabilizer was found to have the greatest effect on enhancing photostability for HNS among the investigated photostabilizers.The kinetic rate constants were obtained 6.2 × 10-2 and 4.1 × 10-2 h-1,respectively,for photodegradation process of HNS in absence and in presence of UV-P.     

Mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of polyurea nanocomposites under quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading

Polyurea is an elastomeric material that can be applied to enhance the protection ability of structures under blast and impact loading.In order to study the compressive mechanical properties of SiC/polyurea nanocomposites under quasi-static and dynamic loading,a universal testing machine and split Hop-kinson pressure bar(SHPB)apparatus were used respectively.The stress-strain curves were obtained on polyurea and its composites at strain rates of 0.001-8000 s-1.The results of the experiment suggested that increase in the strain rates led to the rise of the flow stress,compressive strength,strain rate sensitivity and strain energy.This indicates that all of the presented materials were dependent on strain rate.Moreover,these mechanical characters were enhanced by incorporating a small amount of SiC into polyurea matrix.The relation between yield stress and strain rates were established using the power law functions.Finally,in order to investigate the fracture surfaces and inside information of failed specimens,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and micro X-ray computed tomography(micro-CT)were used respectively.Multiple voids,crazes,micro-cracks and cracking were observed in fracture surfaces.On the other hand,the cracking propagation was found in the micro-CT slice images.It is essential to understand the deformation and failure mechanisms in all the polyurea materials.     

线性方程组二级迭代法的收敛速度

二级迭代法由内、外迭代和内迭代次数三部分组成。给出了线性方程组二级迭代法R1-收敛因子的一个上界,这个上界由内、外迭代的R1-收敛因子和内迭代次数所决定,其主部为外迭代的R1-收敛因子。在矩阵单调性条件下,对于任何内迭代方法和任意内迭代次数,证明了外迭代的R1-收敛因子也是二级迭代法R1-收敛因子的下界。所得结果反映了内、外迭代的收敛速度以及内迭代次数对于二级迭代法收敛速度的综合影响。     

Single machine scheduling with a restricted rate‐modifying activity

In this paper we consider the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single machine on which a rate‐modifying activity may be performed. The rate‐modifying activity is an activity that changes the production rate of the machine. So the processing time of a job is a variable, which depends on whether it is scheduled before or after the rate‐modifying activity. We assume that the rate‐modifying activity can take place only at certain predetermined time points, which is a constrained case of a similar problem discussed in the literature. The decisions under consideration are whether and when to schedule the rate‐modifying activity, and how to sequence the jobs in order to minimize some objectives. We study the problems of minimizing makespan and total completion time. We first analyze the computational complexity of both problems for most of the possible versions. The analysis shows that the problems are NP‐hard even for some special cases. Furthermore, for the NP‐hard cases of the makespan problem, we present a pseudo‐polynomial time optimal algorithm and a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. For the total completion time problem, we provide a pseudo‐polynomial time optimal algorithm for the case with agreeable modifying rates. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

基于程度分析法的消防安全评价

为了控制和防范火灾的发生,减少其对人民和社会的威胁,对建筑物进行更为准确、高效的火灾风险评估十分必要。在层次分析法的基础上,选取不同层次的评价者,采用程度分析法对建筑消防安全指标的安全度和权重进行评估,然后根据各个指标的安全度和权重的评估值得到建筑的安全度,最后运用程度分析法对某购物广场的消防安全度进行了评估。评价结果说明程度分析法脱离了以往专家打分的方法对评价者要求过高的束缚,同时比专家打分的方法具有更好的稳定性,是对消防安全评价方法的一个补充。     

基于案例的推理在舰船维修费预测中的应用

针对市场经济条件下舰船维修费预测不确定性越来越大的问题,提出了一种基于案例推理的舰船维修费预测模型。首先,利用修船厂的历史数据,采用特征向量表示法构建舰船维修费案例库;其次,为提高案例检索效率,采用组合模糊聚类算法建立舰船维修费案例的分类索引结构,并提出基于最近邻法的两步检索策略检索相似案例;最后,采用加权平均法对相似案例进行修改以获取预测值,同时采用主动学习策略保存当前案例并更新案例库。实例仿真结果表明:与传统舰船维修费预测模型相比,基于案例的推理模型具有更高的预测精度,所提模型是有效的。     

星载干涉仪无源定位新方法及其误差分析

针对传统单星二维干涉仪测向定位存在的设备量大、易受通道间幅度/相位不一致性影响等缺点,提出了在单颗自旋卫星上只安装两个接收通道构成一维干涉仪,测量相位差变化率的无源定位新方法,采用了基于粒子群优化(PSO)的定位算法,分析了干涉仪转速以及旋转平面对定位性能的影响.结果表明,增大干涉仪转速有利于提高定位精度,为了使星下点周围各个方向上都有较好的定位精度,干涉仪旋转平面应与初始观测时刻卫星位置矢量垂直,PS0算法的定位精度能够接近定位误差的克拉美罗下限(CRLB).