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21.
Michael Kluth 《African Security Review》2013,22(1):19-29
This article argues that aspirations of maintaining a dominant influence over sub-Saharan security issues has spurred the French and British leadership of European Union (EU) foreign and security policy integration, just as it has informed military capability expansions by the armed forces of the main EU powers. While Europe's initial African focus was on stabilising a continent marred by state failure, civil wars and genocides, changes in the global security context, especially the shift towards multipolarity manifest in China's growing engagement, has prompted a complementary focus on deterring other powers from making military inroads into the subcontinent. Hence Europe's sub-Saharan security focus is shifting from stabilisation towards deterrence. This helps explain recent military procurements which, in spite of the extremely challenging fiscal position of most EU member states, feature large-scale investments in long-range deterrence capabilities. 相似文献
22.
Sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed the end of foreign colonial rule, the rise and fall of autocratic political regimes, and the disappearance of statist command economies. The challenges were to turn populations into coherent nations owing allegiance to the state; to democratise the state structures that govern these populations; and to liberalise the rules that regulate economic transactions. An important source to assess these prospects are the views and attitudes of ordinary Africans. This essay reflects on the original data derived from a crossnational research project. Nine African states were surveyed between 1999 and 2000. An attempt is made to gather some propositions from the analysis of the data. Many present serious challenges to common wisdom about African politics. It appears that the process of nationbuilding has created coherent political communities with high levels of national identity; that democratising the state in Africa builds on existing indigenous demands from ordinary Africans; and that economic liberalisation proceeds in the face of a mixed set of values about market and state. 相似文献
23.
柯健 《兵团教育学院学报》2010,20(3):25-29
中国在全球率先战胜国际金融危机总体实现经济回升向好,彰显了中国特色社会主义强大的生命力。后金融危机时代世界经济发展将呈现出缓慢的复苏,世界经济复苏将是艰难曲折的。面对全球经济未来发展的不确定性,中国经济仍然具有加快发展的有利条件。中国成功战胜国际金融危机坚定了我们走中国特色社会主义道路的信心,在中国共产党的领导下坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义道路,后金融危机时代中国特色社会主义的道路越走越宽阔。 相似文献
24.
Despite the burgeoning literature on Russia’s renewed power politics, little attention has been paid to the fact that US reactions towards Russia’s military interventions were all but coherent. The USA has chosen weak measures in Georgia in 2008 (shaming) compared to its assertive response in Ukraine in 2014 (sanctions, hard deterrence). This article assesses the explanatory power of neorealist, liberal and constructivist theories for the variation in US reactions towards Russian interventions in Georgia and Ukraine. Our argument is that the constructivist perspective explains the cases best as it highlights the power and communality of normative assessments. The Ukraine crisis was perceived by the USA as a violation of core international norms, especially the non-use of force and the principle of territorial integrity. Relevant international norm carriers shared this assessment of the conflict. In contrast, the perception of the Georgian war centred on the issue of democracy promotion. While democracy is an important aim of US foreign policy, it does not summon the same normative importance as general principles of international law. Furthermore, the perception of the Georgian war remained contested among Western allies, which decreased the communality of the normative assessment. 相似文献
25.
王鸿 《中国人民武装警察部队学院学报》2009,25(5):72-75
强化社会管理是维持社会稳定与发展的需要,而思想政治教育是社会管理的重要手段。当前,公共危机管理已成为思想政治教育必须面对的重大理论和实践课题。思想政治教育对社会危机管理具有危机文化素质培育、信息收集与反馈、社会动员、危机心理救治等重要功能。思想政治教育通过具体的途径来实现这些功能,又通过相应的机制作用于社会稳定。因此,要维护社会稳定,就要防范和处置社会危机,就需要全民清醒认识思想政治教育在危机管理中的社会稳定功能,并对这些功能进行深入挖掘,立足实践探求充分发挥这些功能的机制。 相似文献
26.
王楠 《武警工程学院学报》2013,(6):69-73
随着武警部队抢险救灾任务的日益增加,完善心理危机干预机制势在必行。通过分析武警部队完善危机干预机制的意义和目前存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。心理危机干预机制的建立,对于维护武警部队官兵心理健康,保证部队稳定,增强整体战斗力,具有战略意义。 相似文献
27.
大型警务活动是对警察心理应激能力水平的考验。警察在大型警务活动中常表现为：认知能力降低、情绪稳定性差、行为举止失措。通过对大型警务活动中警察心理应激源的分析,提出六种心理应激干预策略：心理拓展干预训练;时心理应激适度表露和宣泄;模拟训练法;角色扮演训练法;抗干扰训练法;自我暗示训练法。 相似文献
28.
《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2012,23(1):1-33
ABSTRACTCivilian victimization, whether deliberate or collateral, is a common occurrence in civil war. This study investigates patterns of civilian victimization during the 5-year Battle of Aleppo, a major campaign of the Syrian Civil War in which there were 24,462 documented civilian fatalities. We argue that the primary belligerents and their external patrons respond to shifts in the conflict’s strategic balance of power, employing more indiscriminate force when their opponent is gaining advantage, resulting in higher civilian fatalities. A quantitative analysis of the Battle of Aleppo models weekly civilian fatalities as a function of belligerents’ conflict initiation interacted with regime and rebel offensives aimed at shifting the status quo. While regime-initiated conflict events appear to be the primary determinant of civilian fatalities, our analysis finds that conflict events initiated by the opposition forces during periods of rebel offensive gains are associated with fewer civilian casualties, while pro-government external intervention during rebel offensives is associated with elevated civilian fatalities. We expand on these findings through a focused case study of third party intervention during the final year of the battle, with emphasis on the Russian intervention on behalf of the Syrian Regime that broke the opposition’s final counteroffensive. 相似文献
29.
Thomas Overhage 《Defense & Security Analysis》2013,29(4):323-341
In a general and economical view, this article analyzes methods and mechanisms for the pooling and sharing of military forces and weapons inside the European Union (EU) in times of scarcity. Pooling and sharing could improve the EU military capabilities significantly if differences in location factors were taken into account and all states would focus on their respective strengths. More competition and less concentration are the keys to ensuring guaranteed access to military assets. Pooling and sharing are likely to be successful only if large states enhance their emphasis on collective defense by mutual aid and self-help, and reduce particularistic and parochial interests of local gain. The realm of personnel has the most potential for improvement but any change is likely to generate policy implications. 相似文献
30.
Murray Wolfson 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(4):339-340
This paper discusses how crises and war may “disrupt” company activities, and how companies adapt to these disruptions. Croatia is used as a case study. The original hypothesis was that war led to breaks in physical flows: in other words, that companies experienced difficulties in importing and obtaining supplies of goods. Instead, it appears that loss of customers and severely worsened conditions of payment were the principal problems for Croatian companies. Although it does not fall within the scope of this investigation, it is interesting to note that the Croatian government has not imposed any direct rationing on the industrial sector, but rather via the banking system. 相似文献