两栖装甲装备战场损伤仿真模型

现代战争,随着各种高技术武器装备,特别是精确制导武器的广泛应用,战场上装备的损伤概率会越来越大;损伤的后果将越来越严重,使战时的保障问题变得更加突出,且难以把握.从分析两栖装甲装备在未来作战中的损伤机理入手,在缺乏大量实际战损数据的情况下,通过建立装备战场损伤仿真模型,为战时装备保障方案的制定,提供科学有效的辅助决策依据.     

Shock wave mitigation using zig-zag structures and cylindrical obstructions

The present study focuses on the mitigation of shock wave using novel geometric passages in the flow field. The strategy is to produce multiple shock reflections and diffractions in the passage with minimum flow obstruction, which in turn is expected to reduce the shock wave strength at the target location. In the present study the interaction of a plane shock front (generated from a shock tube) with various geometric designs such as, 1) zig-zag geometric passage, 2) staggered cylindrical obstructions and 3) zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions have been investigated using computational technique. It is seen from the numerical simulation that, among the various designs, the maximum shock attenuation is produced by the zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions which is then followed by zig-zag passage and staggered cylindrical obstructions. A comprehensive investigation on the shock wave reflection and diffraction phenomena happening in the proposed complex passages have also been carried out. In the new zig-zag design, the initial shock wave undergoes shock wave reflection and diffraction process which swaps alternatively as the shock front moves from one turn to the other turn. This cyclic shock reflection and diffraction process helps in diffusing the shock wave energy with practically no obstruction to the flow field. It is found that by combining the shock attenuation ability of zig-zag passage (using shock reflection and diffraction) with the shock attenuation ability of cylindrical blocks (by flow obstruction), a drastic attenuation in shock strength can be achieved with moderate level of flow blocking.     

Experimental investigation on enhanced damage to fuel tanks by reactive projectiles impact

Enhanced damage to the full-filled fuel tank,impacted by the cold pressed and sintered PTFE/AL/W reactive material projectile(RMP)with a density of 7.8 g/cm3,is investigated experimentally and theoretically.The fuel tank is a rectangular structure,welded by six pieces of 2024 aluminum plate with a thickness of 6 mm,and filled with RP-3 aviation kerosene.Experimental results show that the kerosene is ignited by the RMP impact at a velocity above 1062 m/s,and a novel interior ignition phenomenon which is closely related to the rupture effect of the fuel tank is observed.However,the traditional steel projectile with the same mass and dimension requires a velocity up to 1649 m/s to ignite the kerosene.Based on the experimental results,the radial pressure field is considered to be the main reason for the shear failure of weld.For mechanism considerations,the chemical energy released by the RMP enhances the hydrodynamic ram(HRAM)effect and provides additional ignition sources inside the fuel tank,thereby enhancing both rupture and ignition effects.Moreover,to further understand the enhanced ignition effect of RMP,the reactive debris temperature inside the kerosene is analyzed theoretically.The initiated reactive debris with high temperature provides effective interior ignition sources to ignite the kerosene,resulting in the enhanced ignition of the kerosene.     

涡轮泵故障检测的频段能量比SOM算法

为了解决缺少故障样本情况下的涡轮泵健康状态判别问题,分析了涡轮泵振动信号的频谱,提取了频段能量比作为其故障检测特征,并讨论了自组织映射的竞争学习原理及聚类结果的U-矩阵表示,提出了一种基于频段能量比的自组织映射故障检测算法,并实现了该算法最佳匹配神经元的选择和权重向量的自适应更新。通过某型液体火箭发动机历史试车数据的验证,结果表明,健康涡轮泵数据利用该算法聚类时仅存在一个类别,相邻神经元距离小于0.1;反之,故障涡轮泵数据利用该算法聚类时明显存在两个或多个类别,且相邻神经元的最大距离大于0.1。因此,基于频段能量比的SOM算法能有效地判别涡轮泵的健康状况。     

宽频带随机振动环境的疲劳强度强化机理

全轴随机振动环境的疲劳强化机理问题是可靠性强化试验研究的关键技术之一。针对该振动环境的宽带特性对疲劳失效的强化作用进行了讨论,首先研究影响随机应力疲劳强化效能的相关统计参数,然后分析随机应力的频谱带宽如何影响这些统计参数,最后得到频谱带宽对疲劳强化效能的影响,由此揭示全轴随机振动环境宽频带特性的疲劳强化机理。     

基于神经网络的材料非稳态疲劳损伤可靠性研究

疲劳累积损伤是一个非稳态能耗过程,可以用遗传算法优化后的3层2 7 1BP神经网络来描述疲劳损伤的非线关系,经仿真验证表明,该神经网络具有较高的精度和泛化能力.通过对材料疲劳损伤临界值和载荷的分散性的分析研究,建立了疲劳失效动态准则,并运用蒙特卡罗随机抽样法对材料疲劳寿命的可靠性进行了仿真验证;对调质45号钢在随机载荷和2级载荷作用下,进行了疲劳寿命可靠性仿真计算,仿真结果与实验结果和理论分析比较吻合.     

建立战损舰艇拖带方案的优化决策模型

对战损舰艇拖带方案的优化决策作了一些探讨,包括优化决策理论的选择,影响舰艇拖带安全的相关指标及指标权重的计算方法,并根据多目标决策理论建立了衡量拖带方案优劣的综合指标,从而建立了战损舰艇拖带的方案的优化决策模型,并进行了实例验证,证明了该模型可行性较好,并已编程实现。该决策模型能根据实际情况选定更多的供决策的相关指标,进行扩展,对实施战损舰艇拖带方案的优化选择有一定的参考价值。     

一类搜索型多对二随机格斗的获胜概率

研究搜索型多对二随机格斗战斗模型。假设格斗开始时A方有m件武器,B方有2件武器,B方处于隐蔽状态,格斗开始后B方可以直接对A方进行射击,A方需先搜索到B方后才能进行射击。双方各为同类武器,都是集火射击,所有开火都是独立的,每件武器开火射击直到毁伤对方才重新射击下一个目标。对搜索时间和毁伤间隔时间都服从一般分布的随机格斗模型,通过分析各状态的特征,利用状态概率分析方法和向后递归时间方法建立状态方程,求出了格斗处在各个状态的概率,并得到双方的获胜概率计算公式。     

假目标配置数量模型及其效费比分析

在现代战争中,示假伪装的地位越来越重要。引入了真假目标的发现识别概率的指数分布模型,综合考虑作战时间、真假目标价格比等因素,确定战场生存能力和配置假目标成本两个目标函数,并以最小加权偏差法确定两者权重,建立基于多目标决策的假目标配置数量模型。最后结合实际问题,将各参数条件带入模型计算出假目标的最佳配置数量,同时利用假目标的效费比模型进行检验分析,从而为战时假目标配置数量的确定提供参考依据。     

中继镜系统作用效果与上行链路望远镜口径关系分析

建立了中继镜系统模型,计算了30km高度中继镜系统作用效果与上行链路望远镜口径的关系,结果显示:当望远镜口径低于0.42m时,系统作用效果随着望远镜口径增大而显著提升;在0.42～0.54m范围内,系统作用效果随着上行链路望远镜口径增大而显著降低;当望远镜口径大于0.54m时,系统作用效果随着上行链路望远镜口径的增加而增加,但增加的幅度逐步降低,当望远镜口径增加到一定大小后,系统作用效果趋向于稳定值,望远镜口径的增加对系统作用效果不具有提升作用.分析了系统作用效果在0.42～0.54m范围内出现突降的原因,计算结果显示:上行接收光束强度不均匀性导致二次光源光束质量的急剧下降,进而降低了系统作用效果.文章的计算结果为中继镜系统参数设置提供参考.