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841.
842.
目的将直观的外科手术影像资料应用于护理本科生的《外科护理学》课堂教学中,探讨其对学生掌握相关理论知识程度的影响,探寻一种新的、更有效的外科护理专业授课模式。方法将同一年级的131名护本生按班级随机分为对照组(1班,4班,共65例)和实验组(2班,3班,共66例),对照组按照传统教授为主的教学模式实施课堂教学;实验组将外科手术影像资料结合教科书内容运用于课堂教学。结果实验组学生的理论授课后当堂测试成绩高于对照组;理论授课三个月后,试验组理论测试成绩明显高于对照组,实验组与对照组成绩之间的差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论将直观的外科手术影像资料运用于《外科护理学》课堂教学的授课模式,对护理本科生掌握相关理论知识程度的影响优于传统的教学模式。 相似文献
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844.
Using a birth‐and‐death process to estimate the steady‐state distribution of a periodic queue
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If the number of customers in a queueing system as a function of time has a proper limiting steady‐state distribution, then that steady‐state distribution can be estimated from system data by fitting a general stationary birth‐and‐death (BD) process model to the data and solving for its steady‐state distribution using the familiar local‐balance steady‐state equation for BD processes, even if the actual process is not a BD process. We show that this indirect way to estimate the steady‐state distribution can be effective for periodic queues, because the fitted birth and death rates often have special structure allowing them to be estimated efficiently by fitting parametric functions with only a few parameters, for example, 2. We focus on the multiserver Mt/GI/s queue with a nonhomogeneous Poisson arrival process having a periodic time‐varying rate function. We establish properties of its steady‐state distribution and fitted BD rates. We also show that the fitted BD rates can be a useful diagnostic tool to see if an Mt/GI/s model is appropriate for a complex queueing system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 664–685, 2015 相似文献
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W. Struys 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(1):75-76
La Conversion économique du secteur militaire, J. FONTANEL, Economica, Paris, 1994, pp. 112. Paperback. ISBN 2–7178–2650–5. 相似文献
848.
Defence expenditures have both costs and benefits to the economy. The costs of defence expenditures are mainly emphasized as opportunity costs. On the other hand, defence spending may have growth‐promoting potential benefits: a rise in defence spending may result in a higher aggregate demand, production and employment. This paper examines empirically the effects of military expenditures on economic growth for Middle Eastern countries and Turkey, for the time‐period 1989–1999. The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is investigated by using cross‐section and dynamic panel estimation techniques. Empirical analysis indicates that military expenditure enhances economic growth in the Middle Eastern countries and Turkey as a whole. 相似文献
849.
Sakiru Adebola Solarin 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(7):853-870
AbstractAnecdotal evidence offers conflicting views on the impact of globalisation on military expenditure. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating the effect of globalisation on military expenditure in 82 countries for the period, 1989–2012. After introducing economic and strategic variables into the model, we utilise the dynamic panel generalised method of moments system to estimate the relationship in the variables. The empirical findings reveal that globalisation reduces both military burden and real military expenditure. The findings are consistent, irrespective of the globalisation indicator adopted. The policy implications of the results are explained. 相似文献
850.
For a three‐sector Feder‐Ram framework, we present time‐series, cross‐sectional estimates for two cohorts, consisting of Asian and Latin American countries. The estimates indicate that private investment, and defense and non‐defense public spending are growth promoting for alternative error components representations. For the best error components representation, greater growth enhancement is associated with the two forms of public spending in Asia than in Latin America, while the opposite comparison characterizes private investment. Although defense is growth promoting, an opportunity cost exists insofar as non‐defense spending, financed by defense spending, appears to give a small net boost to growth in Latin America. 相似文献