空间碎片天基主动清除技术发展现状及趋势

随着国内外航天发射任务逐年增多,大量在轨滞留的失效航天器将成为未来空间资源有效利用所面临的一个严峻挑战。空间碎片天基主动清除技术是从根源上对空间资源化利用与安全处置的措施,将提升和加强近地空间的可持续循环利用。本文明晰了空间碎片天基主动清除的概念,分析了空间碎片天基主动清除技术的发展历程,提出了其发展过程中面临的非合作目标相对导航、协调控制和捕获方式及装置等主要问题,为我国空间碎片天基主动清除技术的发展提出了有益参考。     

空间碎片碰撞预警系统设计

为评估航天遭遇空间碎片碰撞的概率,设计了空间碎片碰撞预警系统的总体结构,建立了空间碎片数据库。针对航天器和空间碎片最接近时刻的确定及航天器位置误差协方差矩阵计算问题,基于成熟的SGP4和HPOP程序模块,提出了一种新的工程实现方法。在分析现有碰撞概率计算方法的基础上,先利用多种筛选方法剔除无威胁碎片以提高计算速度,再精确计算碰撞概率。充分利用现有程序集,结合多种编程技术,缩短了系统开发周期,并实现了系统的可视化。     

SPH算法在超高速碰撞数值模拟中的应用

采用大型动力学软件Ls-dyna中的SPH求解器,对球形弹丸超高速碰撞靶板的过程进行数值模拟。给出由于碰撞速度不同,而引起的不同的碎片云图像,以及不同的靶板破碎孔的尺寸。同时模拟了入射角度不同,而得到不同的超高速碰撞物理过程。初步分析结果表明数值模拟结果是合理的,较清晰地模拟了超高速碰撞下碎片云的生成、膨胀过程。另外,通过数值模拟结果与实验结果的比较分析,表明SPH方法得到的结果能描述相应的超高速碰撞现象。所以采用SPH算法针对超高速碰撞物理过程进行数值模拟是可行的。     

Investigation on the spatial distribution characteristics of behind-armor debris formed by the perforation of EFP through steel target

The behind-armor debris (BAD) formed by the perforation of an EFP is the main damage factor for the secondary destruction to the behind-armor components. Aiming at investigating the BAD caused by EFP, flash X-ray radiography combined with an experimental witness plate test method was used, and the FEM-SPH adaptive conversion algorithm in LS-DYNA software was employed to model the perforation process. The simulation results of the debris cloud shape and number of debris were in good agreement with the flash X-ray radiographs and perforated holes on the witness plate, respectively. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of EFP's penetration under various impact conditions were conducted. The results show that, an ellipsoidal debris cloud, with the major-to-minor axis radio (a/b) smaller than that caused by shaped charge jets, was formed behind the target. With the increase of target thickness (h) and decrease of impact velocity (v₀) and obliquity (θ), the value of a/b decreases. The number of debris ejected from target is significantly higher than that from EFP. Based on the statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the BAD, An engineering calculation model was established considering the influence of h, v₀ and θ. The model can with reasonable accuracy predict the quantity and velocity distribution characteristics of BAD formed by EFP.     

基于雷达波束篱笆的空间碎片数量的置信区间估计

针对雷达波束篱笆空间碎片探测模式,提出了一种估计碎片数量置信区间的方法.对于给定的轨道高度范围,将轨道倾角和雷达散射截面足够大的碎片是否真正穿越波束篱笆这一事件用(0-1)分布来建模,根据所获取的轨道高度数据,得到该轨道高度范围内碎片穿越波束篱笆的平均概率,进而采用中心极限定理估计出该范围内碎片总数量的置信区间.仿真实验验证了方法的有效性.