谈处置恐怖劫持人质事件中指挥员的应急决策

＂人质事件＂的应急处置策略、过程和结果,不仅关系着人质的安全与利益,也直接影响到政府的反恐政策及立场、能力与施政水平,关系到政府在民众心目中的权威、地位和形象。处置恐怖劫持人质事件中现场指挥员面临着巨大的压力和挑战。能否采取武力强攻以及何时采取武力强攻,是指挥员运筹决策的关键点,权衡利弊、对比分析,按照＂两害相权取其轻、两利相权取其重＂的原则,进行量化评估,寻求最佳方案。     

状态可靠性的装备视情维修决策分析

针对连续劣化的多设备系统在不同劣化水平下都可能发生失效,依据设备实际劣化状态评定可靠性的思想,提出运用状态可靠性理论刻画设备或部件的劣化水平与随机故障之间的关系,可对设备实际劣化状态进行可靠性评定,适用于表征同类设备或部件的不同个体在不同的工作负荷和工作环境下经历不同的劣化过程后的不同可靠性指标,反映了连续劣化系统的随...     

‘Calmly critical’: Evolving Russian views of US hegemony

Russia has consistently opposed US hegemony since the early 1990s. Moscow has sought to create a world overseen by the UN Security Council and several power centres supporting an anti-hegemonic axis. Until recently, Russia's resources have been very limited. Russian opposition therefore was largely conceptual or a work in progress. Russian policy was largely reactive – and non-confrontational. However, the failure of the Russia-US relationship to develop practically has highlighted negative views of US hegemony, and the greater wealth generated through high energy prices is supporting an increasingly active Russian policy.     

A best practice for assessment in counterinsurgency

In September 2011, the Commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan directed the Afghan Assessment Group to redesign the way in which ISAF was assessing the status of the war, and to be ‘revolutionary’ in so doing. The resulting assessment paradigm was novel, non-doctrinal, and effectively addressed the unique complexities of the counterinsurgency in Afghanistan and the needs of the ISAF Commander. It had a two-tier structure consisting of both strategic and campaign assessments. The former focused on answering a set of strategic questions in narrative, analytic form to address the strategic environment, while the latter used a set of standards and accompanying narrative responses to gauge accomplishment of campaign tasks. Both tiers captured the current state of the war while maintaining an eye on future challenges and opportunities. The two assessments and their associated processes were designed to stimulate discussions leading directly to decisions by senior leaders on actions they could take, direct, or request. While any assessment paradigm will have advantages and disadvantages, an examination of the pros and cons of this assessment paradigm makes clear that it should be considered a ‘best practice’ in the field of counterinsurgency assessment.     

Risk communication within military decision-making: pedagogic considerations

Risk management is a decision-support process and a vital tool for military planning and decision-making. Today, several nations utilize risk-based approaches to analyze the level of security in military operations. There are both strengths and challenges in applying risk-based approaches to support military decisions. In this article, the challenges related to risk communication are investigated with the aim of describing how a military organization should train to create a good environment for effective risk communication. The analysis finds that it is important for the organization to define and consistently use a shared risk understanding. Such a shared risk understanding will need a systematic development process that focuses on the future decision makers’ and analysts’ education and training. To reach understanding, all involved parties must have the chance to identify the problem, reflect on its implications, test different solutions and develop a solution.     

航母编队防空作战编成评判方法

航母编队防空作战编成是影响其海上生存和完成作战任务的关键因素,在构建航母编队防空作战效能评估指标体系基础上,运用直觉模糊集理论的多属性决策方法,对航母编队防空作战编成待评方案进行评估。实例证明了该方法的可用性和有效性,可为航母编队指挥员指挥决策提供理论和方法支撑。     

基于前景理论的多阶段直觉模糊数决策方法

针对航空部队事故预警方案选择中指标权重未知、指标值为直觉模糊数的多阶段直觉模糊数决策问题,考虑决策者风险偏好引起的指标值的动态变化,提出了一种基于前景理论的多阶段决策方法。该方法根据各阶段期望均值可能度的比较确定阶段变化特征,参考直觉模糊数距离公式设置动态参考点,然后集结收益和损失以整体前景值最大化为目标建立规划模型得到指标的动态权重,计算方案综合前景值并排序。最后通过MATLAB仿真实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

再入飞行器总体方案评估中模糊多属性决策的应用

再入飞行器总体设计时,总体方案的决策是研制工作的重要环节。介绍了一种模糊多属性决策方法,在从多个方面考虑和评价一个再入体的总体设计方案的同时兼顾了语言变量和权重系数的模糊性,为决策部门作出正确决定提供更加客观的决策依据。     

气象水文装备退役决策物元模型

分析了影响气象水文装备退役决策的主要因素,建立气象水文装备退役的物元模型及关联函数。运用层次分析法确定各指标权重,计算各待退役装备的关联度,并以此优选退役的气象水文装备,为决策提供依据。     

逼近理想灰关联投影多目标决策的点迹-航迹关联算法

点迹-航迹数据关联是多目标跟踪的重要组成部分。将多目标决策思想和灰关联分析方法引入点迹-航迹关联的研究,提出了一种基于逼近理想灰关联投影多目标决策的点迹-航迹数据关联算法。仿真实验表明,该算法在密集多目标情况下有一定的实际应用价值。