基于组织协同进化的软件缺陷预测方法

针对传统有标识软件度量元数据存在软件缺陷预测精度低的问题,首先对比选择合适的离散化方法,然后将组织协同进化分类算法引入并应用到航天软件缺陷预测领域,给出了一种基于组织协同进化的软件缺陷预测方法。该方法根据预测目标将离散后的软件度量元数据划分为不同种群,在各种群内部形成进化个体(组织)。组织在增减算子、交换算子、合并算子和组织选择机制的作用下不断进化,并基于属性重要度协同进化的方式进行适应度函数的计算,实现了有标识软件度量元数据缺陷预测精度的提高。最后通过两组仿真实验,验证了基于组织协同进化航天软件缺陷预测方法的有效性。     

Africa and the 2015 NPT Review Conference

African states' attendance at and participation in the preparations for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) has produced mixed results, with the continent acting as both agent and bystander in respect of certain issues. African agency is evident in, for example, its position as a member of groupings on Iran's nuclear weapons programme and the Middle East Nuclear Weapons Free Zone. Less agency is evident in states' individual actions. This underscores the importance of African states' preference for multilateralism. However, African agency is also less evident in African multilateral efforts at the NPT preparatory meetings. The impact of these developments on the 2015 NPT Review Conference is too soon to tell but may bode ill for African agency.     

Explaining the (il)legality of Uganda's intervention in the current South Sudan conflict

During the night of 15 December 2013, fighting broke out between factions of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in Juba, the capital of the Republic of South Sudan. The fighting pitted forces loyal to President Salva Kiir against those loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar. Five days later, Uganda sent troops into South Sudan, advancing a number of reasons for intervention, including that it had been invited by the legitimate government of South Sudan to ensure order; it needed to evacuate Ugandan citizens caught up in the fighting; it had been asked by the United Nations Secretary-General to intervene; and that the regional organisation, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development had sanctioned the intervention. As the conflict escalated, Ugandan troops started fighting on the side of forces loyal to Kiir. The underlying reasons for the intervention were clearly economic, but those advanced were legal. This article discusses both sets of reasons and concludes that the economic reasons are more persuasive. Nevertheless, while some of the legal arguments (such as being invited by the legitimate government of South Sudan) can be asserted, others are clearly dubious. In addition, the participation of Ugandan troops in the fighting on the side of the Kiir government renders the intervention illegal.     

Kazakhstan's Nuclear Decision Making, 1991–92

This article examines Kazakhstani nuclear decision making from December 1991 to May 1992. The study is based on unique archival data and reveals how Kazakhstan's policy makers solved a nuclear dilemma that the nation faced in its first years of independence. The article reconstructs the internal policy-making process behind the decision made by President Nursultan Nazarbayev and his circle of advisors to accept non-nuclear status. The author argues that Almaty elaborated a deliberately ambivalent strategy toward the republic's nuclear status with the aim of maximizing the state's strategic interests. The article reviews external pressures affecting Nazarbayev's course of action and discusses policy options articulated during this period.     

‘Full spectrum dominance’: Donald Rumsfeld,the Department of Defense,and US irregular warfare strategy, 2001–2008

This article examines the evolution of US irregular warfare (IW) doctrine and practice from 2001 onwards. It argues that, after 9/11, top-tier civilian policymakers in the US Department of Defense (DoD) and across the US government developed a heightened awareness of asymmetric threats and non-conventional forms of warfare, especially those shaped by contemporary globalisation. The result was a gradual turn towards irregular warfare, led by Rumsfeld and the DoD, designed to ensure ‘full spectrum dominance’ across all modes of conflict. This pre-dated the insurgency in Iraq and the promotion of counterinsurgency in the US Army by General David Petraeus and others. Policymakers' reluctance to acknowledge the insurgency in Iraq was not down to a failure to understand the concept of IW, but because they had viewed Iraq in conventional terms for so many years and were reluctant to admit their mistake.     

《孙子兵法》中的“利害观”

兵家的辩证法是中国古代哲学的重要源头之一。在孙子提出的一系列对立统一的矛盾范畴中,尤以对利害关系的把握最为精彩,这是孙子辩证法的精髓。“利害观”是孙子解剖战争问题的一把利器,把握住了利害关系的要义,就不难理解“慎战”“不战”“全胜”等核心观念。同时,它也是人们在面临人生道路上各种得失选择时的方法指南。     

海上机动目标打击效果评估决策支持系统设计

针对海上机动目标打击效果评估的特点,运用遥感技术、人工智能技术和模糊评判的方法探索打击效果评估问题。提出一种基于高分辨率遥感图像的打击效果评估决策支持系统,融合人定性分析和机器定量分析的优点,核心是问题处理系统综合运用处理后的遥感信息和支持系统的模型、知识以及数据来评估打击效果,评估模型为二级综合评判模型。对尚处于理论研究阶段的海上机动目标打击效果评估问题有积极的参考意义。     

尾数细分计数逻辑对捷联惯导系统姿态误差的影响

为了提高激光陀螺的检测分辨率,采用了尾数细分计数逻辑新方法,并分析了此方法对捷联惯导系统姿态误差的影响.首先分析了常规四倍频细分计数逻辑的原理与特点,得出其分辨率约为1/4周期的结论;然后对比分析了基于常规四倍频的尾数细分计数逻辑的原理、实现方法及其特点,分析与试验表明,此方法能够进一步大幅度提高检测分辨率.基于以上结...     

红外目标分割方法研究

红外目标分割算法对红外目标检测、跟踪具有非常重要的价值。本文利用背景和目标灰度特征,提出一种实现红外目标有效分割的方法,克服红外目标内部温度不稳定造成的误分割问题。本文方法首先采用基于灰度-显著度最大相关准则的二维直方图分割算法进行图像分割;然后,在分割后二值图上进行基于随机种子点选取的区域增长,提取背景;最后,采用形态学方法优化分割结果。相对传统的红外目标检测算法,这种算法具有更好的抗干扰能力,更强的鲁棒性。不仅可以应用于红外图像的目标分割,而且可以应用于其他类似的目标分割问题。     

低功率霍尔推力器阳极供气环工程设计关键参数仿真

为了提高低功率霍尔推力器放电通道内中性原子分布均匀性,采用有限元方法对阳极供气环关键结构参数进行优化研究。针对双腔式阳极供气环结构,重点分析了缓冲腔容积比以及缓冲腔隔板导流小孔数量等关键参数对阳极供气均匀性的影响。研究结果表明:随着缓冲腔容积比的增大,阳极供气环出气孔差异率先快速减小后趋于稳定,其中当容积率k=1.0时,平均差异率和最大差异率分别为1.77%和3.79%;隔板间导流小孔数量从8增加到14时,出气孔差异率呈现浴盆曲线特性,其中导流孔数量为10时,平均差异率和最大差异率分别为1.8%和3.8%。研究结果可为霍尔推力器阳极供气环工程设计提供理论支撑。