Determinants of military expenditure and the role of globalisation in a cross-country analysis

Abstract

Anecdotal evidence offers conflicting views on the impact of globalisation on military expenditure. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating the effect of globalisation on military expenditure in 82 countries for the period, 1989–2012. After introducing economic and strategic variables into the model, we utilise the dynamic panel generalised method of moments system to estimate the relationship in the variables. The empirical findings reveal that globalisation reduces both military burden and real military expenditure. The findings are consistent, irrespective of the globalisation indicator adopted. The policy implications of the results are explained.     

Empirical analysis of the defense interdependence between Japan and the United States

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the defense interdependence between Japan and the United States (US) in the short and long run and to investigate whether Japan is a follower or a free rider of the “US” over the 1975–2009 period. Given that mutual aid between Japan and the US has been maintained, the empirical results suggest that Japanese defense has a stable relationship with US defense. Furthermore, the results reveal that Japan is not a free rider but rather a follower in the period under consideration.     

Growth and Fiscal Consequences of Terrorism in Nigeria

Abstract

In spite of government counter-terrorism expenditure and efforts, the incidence of terrorism in Nigeria appears to be rising. This paper examines the growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in Nigeria by estimating the terrorism–macroeconomy relation using different measures of terror incidence. The results show that terrorism has an economically and statistically significant negative impact on growth; although this impact is considerably small and short-lived, manifesting only after a lag of about three years. Specifically, the cost of terrorism to Nigeria, in terms of lost GDP per annum, is estimated at 0.82%. Moreover, there is evidence that terrorism leads to the reallocation of economic activity away from private investment spending to government spending; that is, terrorism crowds out investment at a higher rate than its potential to crowd in government spending. Lastly, terrorism alters the composition of government expenditure – with the defence component of government expenditure rising vis-a-vis other expenditure items. The results are robust to allowing for dynamic interactions between terrorism and macroeconomic aggregates.     

NATO Territorial Ballistic Missile Defense and its Implications for Arms Control

ABSTRACT

Since 2002, NATO's territorial missile defense has evoked continuous debates between NATO states and the Russian Federation. Thirteen years have passed without reaching a common denominator. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the historical background of the debate and the technical details of the missile defense system, highlighting its shortcomings and the state of its deployment process. It also contrasts the military-technical and political arguments of both sides, before addressing the applicable norms of international law to highlight violations and the effect of this noncompliance on existing arms control measures.     

舰艇防空火力规划与调度方法研究

根据舰艇防空武器拦截过程的时间连续性和拦截效果的不确定性特点,提出了智能规划和优化调度相结合的舰艇防空计划生成方法。在规划阶段,先用智能规划描述语言PDDL对舰艇防空问题进行建模;针对新的来袭目标或观察的拦截结果,利用智能规划的高效行动推理能力,快速生成可能的备选行动方案;在优化调度阶段,对已生成的备选方案的行动系列进行时间、资源冲突处理,并计算选择出当前最佳拦截方案。与现有的采用离散化处理的武器-目标分配方法相比,该规划与调度过程充分体现了拦截过程的连续性,拦截效果的不确定性,拦截过程中的武器协同,以及最佳拦截时机的选择等,更好地描述了舰艇防空的实际过程。最后,通过蒙特卡罗仿真试验,验证了算法的有效性,为舰艇的自动化防空提供了一种新的解决办法。     

舰艇编队航渡中对空防御组织研究

为提高舰艇编队的对空防御能力,根据实际情况以及水面舰艇战术理论,从对空中威胁的判断、防空兵力的配置和计算以及对空抗击的组织等方面对编队航渡中的对空防御组织进行了论述。对舰艇编队防空建设及防空能力的提高有一定的现实意义。     

防空兵侦察力量机动部署方案优选与评估

针对防空兵侦察力量机动部署问题,分析并生成了机动部署方案,运用模糊灰色关联分析法选出其中的最优方案。通过实例计算得出了信息化条件下,防空兵侦察力量进行机动部署可有效提高其作战效能的科学结论,并验证了算法的有效性。     

加强坦克连岛上防御能力分析

首先利用综合战斗力指数法,通过对比分析我加强坦克连与敌战车营特遣队的战斗力,得出了我加强坦克连岛上阵地防御的作战能力.而后依据确定的防御优势标准,得出我加强坦克连岛上阵地防御作战任务,并对其可行性进行了定性分析.最后,利用战斗动力学原理具体分析了我加强坦克连岛上阵地防御时与敌对抗的能力,为战斗的组织与实施提供了一些具体可行的建议.     

靶弹系统发展的某些新特点

靶弹系统建设对于防空兵器试验和部队作战训练具有重要的作用。介绍了靶弹的组成,美、俄等国靶弹系统研发现状以及主要型号靶弹的技术战术性能,详细分析了外军靶弹研发的特点和发展趋势,对我国防空兵器靶标体系建设有一定的参考借鉴作用。     

混编防空导弹网络化作战系统功能体系结构分析

混编防空导弹网络化作战系统功能体系结构分析的目的是描述系统结构、系统功能以及功能间的交互关系。基于网络中心战原理,以区域反弹道导弹为背景,描述了混编防空导弹网络化作战系统反导作战的作战过程及其任务序列;分析了混编防空导弹网络化作战系统的功能模块和功能节点划分;构建了以3层逻辑网结构为特征的混编防空导弹网络化作战系统功能体系结构,分析了3层逻辑网的组成与功能及其相互关系。