Stage life testing

In progressive censoring, items are removed at certain times during the life test. Commonly, it is assumed that the removed items are used for further testing. In order to take into account information about these additional testing in inferential procedures, we propose a two‐step model of stage life testing with one fixed stage‐change time which incorporates information about both the removed items (further tested under different conditions) and those remaining in the current life test. We show that some marginal distributions in our model correspond either to progressive censoring with a fixed censoring time or to a simple‐step stress model. Furthermore, assuming a cumulative exposure model, we establish exact inferential results for the distribution parameters when the lifetimes are exponentially distributed. An extension to Weibull distributed lifetimes is also discussed.     

Pairwise model discrimination with applications in lifetime distributions and degradation processes

Reliability data obtained from life tests and degradation tests have been extensively used for purposes such as estimating product reliability and predicting warranty costs. When there is more than one candidate model, an important task is to discriminate between the models. In the literature, the model discrimination was often treated as a hypothesis test and a pairwise model discrimination procedure was carried out. Because the null distribution of the test statistic is unavailable in most cases, the large sample approximation and the bootstrap were frequently used to find the acceptance region of the test. Although these two methods are asymptotically accurate, their performance in terms of size and power is not satisfactory in small sample size. To enhance the small‐sample performance, we propose a new method to approximate the null distribution, which builds on the idea of generalized pivots. Conventionally, the generalized pivots were often used for interval estimation of a certain parameter or function of parameters in presence of nuisance parameters. In this study, we further extend the idea of generalized pivots to find the acceptance region of the model discrimination test. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods in discriminating between two lifetime distributions or two degradation models over a wide range of sample sizes. Two real examples are used to illustrate the proposed methods.     

Parametric study of single confined fragment launch explosive device

In this article, parametric study of single confined fragment launch device was carried out. The configuration proposed was further studied to derive the empirical relationship for effect of fragment size, charge size, confinement thickness on fragment velocity. The simulations were carried out using ANSYS-AUTODYNE explicit solver. Fragment velocities were estimated as a function of different parametric combinations of explosive quantities, charge length to diameter ratio, fragment height to diameter ratio, confinement thickness, fragment material and fragment mass. The data was further converted to charge to metal ratio under fragment and confinement. It was observed that, increase in confinement thickness, charge quantity and decrease in fragment height increases the fragment velocity. It is also noted that, charge to metal mass ratio under fragment significantly affects the fragment velocity. At the end, an empirical relationship for fragment velocity interms of all these parameters was established. Using these relations, two velocities 1831.92 m/s and 2523.9 m/s required for NATO STANAG 4496 IM test were estimated. The design parameters for these velocities are presented. Also, the results estimated using the empirical relationship has been compared with published experimental data. Error in the predicted velocities is within the acceptable range. The empirical relationship proposed will be useful for finalization of design of the fragment launch device.     

箭(弹)级间螺栓法兰连接结构冲击失效实验与数值仿真

基于火箭(导弹)级间螺栓法兰连接结构,简化设计并制作了一组原理性实验件,利用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,设计并进行了多次落锤冲击失效实验,其中包括轴向和横向两种工况,考虑了螺栓均布与非均布、螺栓直径和螺栓-栓孔间隙等不同结构特点。实验过程中采集了螺栓力时程响应数据、柱段关键点应变时程响应数据、锤头冲击力和冲击速度及连接界面开缝位移等多组数据。根据实验效果和实测数据,分析了连接结构冲击失效机理,并对比验证发现有限元模型数值模拟效果和精度与实验结果吻合较好。研究结论可为箭(弹)级间连接结构抗冲击设计提供参考。     

反电动势对无扰载荷航天器精确定向的影响

无扰载荷航天器中非接触式作动器反电动势会引起有效载荷模块与支持模块之间的耦合,影响有效载荷模块的精确定向性能。通过建立无扰载荷航天器的耦合动力学模型,分析非接触式作动器反电动势对有效载荷模块精确定向性能的影响。考虑六支杆立方构型无扰载荷接口,结合拉格朗日方程和牛顿欧拉方法建立有效载荷模块平台动力学模型。推导非接触式作动器的输出力模型,并引入有效载荷模块平台动力学模型,给出考虑非接触式作动器反电动势的耦合动力学模型。将支持模块上飞轮动静不平衡引起的谐振作为干扰力矩,建立了无扰载荷航天器在轨定向状态的Simulink仿真模型。仿真结果表明,反电动势系数越大,干扰力矩对有效载荷模块的影响越大,有效载荷模块精确定向精度越低。     

系统频率偏差对同时全极化测量的影响及其校准

目标极化散射矩阵的精确测量是全极化雷达极化信息处理的前提和基础。基于正负线性调频信号,针对采用数字解线性调频处理的同时全极化测量体制雷达,分别推导了雷达中频频率偏差和采样频率偏差对同时全极化测量影响的数学模型,提出一种雷达中频频偏和采样频偏的联合估计与校准方法。仿真和实测数据表明：雷达系统频率稳定度会引起不同通道极化测量结果峰值位置和相对相位的变化,采用所提方法能够有效校正峰值偏移,补偿相位误差,提高目标极化散射矩阵测量的精度。     

利用RLC电路合成高压方波脉冲

基于过阻尼RLC电路分时放电,提出了一种新型高压方波脉冲产生方法。理论分析表明过阻尼RLC电路产生的双指数电压波与PFL产生的方形电压波具有类似的上升沿和平顶。电路模拟表明通过人工过零技术可以对双指数电压波进行截尾,从而形成完整的高压方波脉冲。建立了原理验证性样机,由两组RLC电路构成,每组电路包含一台400 nF脉冲电容器和一只三电极场畸变气体开关,两组电路共用一个上升沿调节电感。实验证明样机可以在250 Ω电阻负载上输出幅值17 kV,平顶宽度330 ns~5.8 μs,上升沿100~ 350 ns 的单极性高压方波脉冲。该方法适应性强,对负载变化不敏感,同时具有良好的可调节性,方波上升沿、平顶宽度连续独立可调。     

基于扩展标记变迁模型的时钟同步协议正确性验证

时钟同步协议是时间触发网络的一个重要组成部分,是时间触发网络实时性和确定性的关键。本文基于扩展标记变迁模型对时钟同步协议进行建模,基于模型检测方法对协议是否满足正确性属性进行验证。验证结果证明了在不同启动场景下时钟同步网络协议的正确性,也表明了扩展标记变迁模型对于协议验证的有效性。     

某型导发架通用测试系统软件复用性设计

测试软件的复用性是摆在测试界面前亟待解决的重要问题。运用统一建模语言(Unified Modeling Language,UML)对测试软件进行建模,包括:测试系统的类图、软件功能分解、功能子系统的上下文模型、测试软件需求特征树以及软件功能子系统的顺序交互视图。在Visual C++6.0环境中,采用"应用程序框架+可复用构件"开发方式,实现了基于可复用构件的某型导发架测试系统应用软件组装,成功解决了导发架测试领域内同一系列产品间测试软件的可复用问题。     

复杂系统的MTTR建模研究

现代武器系统的结构越来越复杂,在进行系统修复前,系统往往发生多个故障的情况,致使原来的维修性模型不能完全地反映系统的维修性水平。针对多重故障的维修,推导出一种能反映这种情况下的维修性预计的平均修复时间(MTTR)数学模型。模型中的一次维修事件由原来的只进行单一故障维修扩展到可以对多个不同故障进行维修的情况,更好地反映了复杂系统的实际维修情况。通过实例验证了该模型能实际地反映出复杂系统的维修性情况,从而更加准确地预计出系统的维修性水平。