Optimal production ramp-up in the smartphone manufacturing industry

Motivated by challenges in the smartphone manufacturing industry, we develop a dynamic production ramp-up model that can be applied to economically satisfy nonstationary demand for short-life-cycle products by high-tech companies. Due to shorter life cycles and more rapid evolution of smartphones, production ramp-up has been increasingly critical to the success of a new smartphone. In the production ramp-up, the key challenge is to match the increasing capacity to nonstationary demand. The high-tech smartphone manufacturers are urged to jointly consider the effect of increasing capacity and decreasing demand. We study the production planning problem using a high-dimensional Markov decision process (MDP) model to characterize the production ramp-up. To address the curse of dimensionality, we refine Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithm and theoretically analyze its convergence and computational complexity. In a real case study, we find that the MDP model achieves revenue improvement by stopping producing the existing product earlier than the benchmark policy. In synthetic instances, we validate that the proposed MCTS algorithm saves computation time without loss of solution quality compared with traditional value iteration algorithm. As part of the Lenovo production solution, our MDP model enables high-tech smartphone manufacturers to better plan the production ramp-up.     

基于深度神经网络的OFDM系统IQ不平衡补偿技术

正交频分复用(OFDM)是现代移动通信中一项重要的物理层通信技术,并且OFDM系统要求子载波间严格正交。然而在实际系统中,振荡器和滤波器等器件的非理想特性会导致同相正交(In-phase and Quadrature-phase,IQ)不平衡,从而破坏子载波的正交性,严重影响OFDM系统的性能。本文研究了IQ不平衡对OFDM系统的影响,提出了基于并联深度神经网络的IQ不平衡补偿技术。该算法利用了深度神经网络不依赖于模型的特点,直接从接收到的频域信号恢复原输入信号的二进制序列,并利用IQ不平衡的干扰信号来自镜像子载波的先验知识来初始化神经网络,加快其网络优化的收敛速度。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地补偿IQ不平衡失真,并且在幅度和相位失真的补偿上,其性能都优于传统的导频的最小二乘（LS）估计补偿IQ不平衡的算法,证明了深度学习方法解决物理层问题的优越性。     

基于深度学习的MPSK信号调制识别

为了有效实现信号调制方式的智能识别,提出基于深度学习的多进制相移键控(Multiple Phase Shift Keying, MPSK)信号调制识别方法。分析接收MPSK信号的循环谱,并通过提取MPSK信号循环谱的等高图获得二维特征信息,利用深度学习中的卷积神经网络对二维特征进行训练,使用测试样本对所设计的调制识别方法的有效性进行验证。仿真结果表明,所提方法具有良好的识别性能。     

采用区分性幅相联合字典学习的低截获概率信号分离方法

为解决采用字典学习的信号分离方法存在的相位信息缺失和子字典交叉表示问题,提出一种区分性幅相联合字典学习方法。该方法针对相位信息缺失问题,构建了幅相联合字典模型;针对混合信号在联合字典上投影时存在的交叉表示问题,基于区分性字典学习思想提出在字典学习过程目标函数中加入交叉表示抑制项。仿真结果表明：幅相联合字典能够充分表示典型低截获概率信号的幅相信息,交叉表示抑制项能有效抑制信号间的交叉表示,算法具有良好的分离性能。     

Lot sizing with learning and forgetting in setups: Analytical results and insights

This article considers the dynamic lot sizing problem when there is learning and forgetting in setups. Learning in setups takes place with repetition when additional setups are made and forgetting takes place when there is a break between two successive setups. We allow the amount forgotten over a break to depend both on the length of the break and the amount of learning at the beginning of the break. The learning and forgetting functions we use are realistic. We present several analytical results and use these in developing computationally efficient algorithms for solving the problem. Some decision/forecast horizon results are also developed, and finally we present managerial insights based on our computational results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 93–108, 2016     

Strategy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

ABSTRACT

We argue that Artificial Intelligence (AI) will, in the very near future, have a profound impact on the conduct of strategy and will be disruptive of existing power balances. To do so, we review the psychological foundations of strategy and explore the ways in which AI will impact human decision-making. We then review current and evolving capabilities in ‘narrow’, modular AI that is optimised to perform in a particular environment, and explore its military potential. Lastly, we look ahead to the more distant prospect of a general AI.     

辅助任务增强的中文跨域NL2SQL算法

自然语言到结构化查询语言(natural language to structured query language,NL2SQL)任务旨在将自然语言询问转化为数据库可执行的结构化查询语言(structured query language,SQL) 语句。本文提出了一种辅助任务增强的中文跨域 NL2SQL 算法,其核心思想是通过在解码阶段添加辅助任务以结合原始模型来进行多任务训练,提升模型的准确率。辅助任务的设计是通过将数据库模式建模成图,预测自然语言询问与数据库模式图中的节点的依赖关系,显式地建模自然语言询问和数据库模式之间的依赖关系。针对特定的自然语言询问,通过辅助任务的提升,模型能够更好地识别数据库模式中哪些表/列对预测目标 SQL 更有效。在中文 NL2SQL 数据集 DuSQL 上的实验结果表明,添加辅助任务后的算法相对于原始模型取得了更好的效果,能够更好地处理跨域 NL2SQL 任务。     

高性能异构加速器MiniGo算子优化方法

根据高性能异构加速器的特性和MiniGo的训练模式提出了一种高效的并行计算方法。对片上计算资源进行合理规划,实现异构设备之间的流水并行优化;根据异构设备间存在共享存储段设计了共享内存编码模式,减少数据传输开销;根据数字信号处理簇内具有多计算资源的特点结合算子计算-访存特性设计了不同的算子并行计算优化策略。同时,面向TensorFlow实现了一个易于使用的高性能计算库。实验结果显示,该方法实现了典型算子的多核并行计算。相对于单核,卷积算子加速比为24.69。相较于裁剪版8核FT2000+CPU,该方法训练和自博弈执行速度加速比分别为3.83和1.5。     

航天器轨道追逃动力学与控制问题研究综述

随着航天器交会与接近操作技术的快速发展,轨道追逃问题逐渐成为航天领域的研究热点。从动力学与控制视角,对航天器轨道追逃问题的研究现状进行综述。给出了基于定量微分对策的轨道追逃问题模型的一般形式,系统梳理了各种类型的轨道追逃问题;对于追逃策略求解,分别针对闭环策略和开环策略,分析了各种方法的优缺点;围绕人工智能算法与轨道追逃问题的结合,阐述了基于深度神经网络和强化学习的轨道追逃策略的研究现状。关于未来展望,提出了追逃博弈态势分析、多航天器博弈控制、三体条件下博弈动力学与控制等发展方向。     

公安现役院校英语学习环境的调查与思考

学习环境对于语言学习者至关重要,就外部环境和内部环境相互关系而言,外部环境影响人的学习态度和认知过程,内部环境控制外部环境的影响力。这些因素无疑能促进英语学习,但也可能在某种程度上阻碍英语学习的进步。在对几所公安现役部队院校的英语学习环境调查后发现,英语学习环境不容乐观,还有很多急需改进之处,应引起有关方面的重视。