基于能力映射的体系网络化建模与分析

从体系所具有的能力出发,准确地描述体系中实体之间的关系,建立体系结构模型是体系设计与分析的基础,也是基于能力的体系规划的关键。首先提出了能力到组分系统的映射规则,然后将所构建的体系二分网络转化为组分系统的加权合作网络,有效描述了体系组分系统间的复杂关系。最后给出了体系组分系统关系价值度量指标,并对网络模型进行社团结构分析,为基于能力的体系规划作了有益尝试。     

基于高斯和-容积Kalman滤波的高轨双星辐射源跟踪

高轨双星系统可通过测量辐射源信号的到达时差、频差和到达高轨卫星的多普勒频移,跟踪沿地球表面巡航且载频固定、已知的运动辐射源。针对辐射源运动方程和观测方程的强非线性,提出了基于高斯和框架与5阶容积Kalman滤波的运动辐射源跟踪算法GS-5CKF。算法将起始时刻的时差观测量所确定的处于地球表面的时差线按辐射源经度等间隔划分,初始化多个并行的5阶容积Kalman滤波器,线性组合各滤波器每个时刻的输出以获得辐射源运动状态的估计。针对5阶容积Kalman滤波器,提出了相应的非线性测度并引入滤波器分裂与合并,以提高跟踪精度并保持GS-5CKF算法计算复杂度基本不变。仿真表明,相对仅使用单个5阶容积Kalman滤波器和基于高斯和框架但使用3阶容积Kalman滤波器的GS-3CKF等算法,提出的跟踪算法具有更高的估计精度。     

船舶水下电场的预测方法

为了实现对船舶水下电场信号目标特征的控制,提出一种信号预测的方法。对测得的信号进行小波分解并分别在静电场和轴频电场频段进行重构。对高频的轴频电场信号构建自回归预测模型,对低频的静电场信号以灰色GM(1,1)模型进行拟合。将预测结果进行叠加得到对下一时刻电场信号的预测值。实测数据对该方法的检验结果表明:用该方法对船舶水下电场进行预测,电场的预测误差在原信号幅值的20%以内。     

北斗导航信号电离层闪烁模拟及其影响

电离层闪烁具有突发性、偶发性和区域性,且难以建模准确刻画。针对电离层闪烁影响下的北斗导航信号复现问题,研究了基于应用伽马分布和零均值高斯分布模型的导航信号电离层闪烁序列生成方法,并基于国防科技大学电子科学与工程学院研制的NSS8000型多体制导航信号模拟器给出了北斗导航信号电离层闪烁模拟的硬件架构。在此基础上,通过中频信号采样和软件接收机处理,分析了电离层闪烁对北斗接收机跟踪环路的影响。结果表明:在相位闪烁指数为0,幅度闪烁指数为0.9时,码环鉴相误差可达0.05 chip;而在幅度闪烁指数为0,相位闪烁指数为0.5时,载波环鉴相误差可达15°,处于失锁的临界状态。     

Right Intention and the Ends of War

The jus ad bellum criterion of right intention (CRI) is a central guiding principle of just war theory. It asserts that a country’s resort to war is just only if that country resorts to war for the right reasons. However, there is significant confusion, and little consensus, about how to specify the CRI. We seek to clear up this confusion by evaluating several distinct ways of understanding the criterion. On one understanding, a state’s resort to war is just only if it plans to adhere to the principles of just war while achieving its just cause. We argue that the first understanding makes the CRI superfluous, because it can be subsumed under the probability of success criterion. On a second understanding, a resort to war is just only if a state’s motives, which explain its resort to war, are of the right kind. We argue that this second understanding of the CRI makes it a significant further obstacle to justifying war. However, this second understanding faces a possible infinite regress problem, which, left unresolved, leaves us without a plausible interpretation of the CRI. This constitutes a significant and novel reason for leaving the CRI out of the international law of armed conflict (LOAC).     

基于协方差矩阵估计的稳健Capon波束形成算法

常规Capon波束形成器性能对模型误差或失配非常敏感,尤其是当期望信号包含在训练数据中,导向矢量失配将引起性能急剧下降。为解决这一问题,提出了一种采用干扰噪声协方差矩阵和导向矢量联合估计的稳健波束形成算法。该方法通过对Capon空间谱在非目标信号的方位区域内的积分,实现对干扰噪声协方差矩阵的估计,解决数据协方差矩阵包含有目标信号时引起信号自相消问题;其次为了克服导向矢量失配的影响,通过最大化输出功率,并增加二次型约束防止估计的导向矢量接近于干扰导向矢量,实现对导向矢量的估计。仿真实验表明:该算法能获得近似最优的输出信干噪比,与现有算法相比稳健性更强。     

基于多目标优化的任务计划建模及方法

针对任务计划在进行多目标优化时采用进化算法求解效率较低的问题,设计了一种结合分组策略的非支配排序遗传(NSGA-Ⅱ)算法,可以快速有效地得到合理的分组结果。基于分组结果,调整NSGA-Ⅱ算法的步骤,灵活地进行种群初始化,使最终分配结果各优化的目标有了明显的改善,提高了算法的效率。通过实验分析,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

对地攻击型无人机作战效能评估

由于对地攻击型无人机与有人机在性能参数和作战方式等方面存在诸多不同,为了评估其作战效能,首先建立了对地攻击型无人机作战效能评估的指标体系,然后在此基础上建立了对地攻击型无人机的综合指标模型,同时对效能模型中各分项能力的评估模型进行了完善。最后以6种无人机综合作战效能评估为例计算并检验了模型的可用性。     

Equality and diversity in the British armed forces: progress,challenges and prospects

The UK's changing political and legal landscape since 2000 reflecting transformations in wider society have elevated equality and diversity (E&D) issues to prominence in the public sector, including in the British armed forces. This research highlights key developments in the British military in relation to E&D, focusing both on areas of progress, and on the challenges still confronting the Forces. The findings reveal that the Forces have made significant strides in advancing E&D through the implementation of a range of policy initiatives but the persistence of discrimination, developments in the wider environment and the dilemmas raised by the strands of age and disability pose challenges. The value of this research is to increase our understanding of diversity management in a public sector institution that has been under-researched and views itself as “different,” and will be of interest to policymakers, E&D practitioners and academics in the field.     

基于PSO算法的脉冲修正弹控制参数优化*

针对脉冲修正弹自身控制离散不连续特征,开展了脉冲修正弹脉冲控制参数优化设计方法研究。考虑到脉冲成本和精度的双重要求,选择以脉冲发动机工作次数和脱靶量最少为双目标函数,并在风干扰的条件下,提出了以脉冲控制时间间隔为离散脉冲控制参数设计变量建立优化模型,以此发展了一种改进型递减惯性权重粒子群优化脉冲控制参数的方法,提高了修正参数优化收敛速度。仿真结果表明,该算法能快速有效地获得最优解,为在干扰条件下寻找最优的脉冲修正参数和脉冲工作方式提供了一种优化设计思路。