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691.
风梯度滑翔是一种能够使飞行器从飞行环境中获取能量的飞行方式。在已建立的飞行器动力学模型的基础上,分析了无人机在已知的梯度风场中一个滑翔周期内的能量变化过程。采取分段解析的方法,将一个风梯度滑翔周期分为4个阶段进行分析,即逆风爬升、高空转弯、顺风下滑和低空转弯,其中高空转弯为整个滑翔周期内的关键阶段。采用三维空间路径结合二维平面投影的计算方法,详细分析了无人机在高空转弯过程中的运动方程和能量转化方程,同时分析了影响飞行器从梯度风场中获取能量以及梯度风场中由于空气阻力导致飞行器能量损失的相关参数,为无人机最大程度地从梯度风场中获取能量,同时减少自身能源损耗提供了理论指导,并且根据理论建模进行了仿真分析,得出了逆风爬升和高空转弯的初期是获取能量主要阶段的结论,对指导无动力滑翔有很大的意义。 相似文献
692.
The dynamic and stochastic knapsack Problem with homogeneous‐sized items and postponement options 下载免费PDF全文
This article generalizes the dynamic and stochastic knapsack problem by allowing the decision‐maker to postpone the accept/reject decision for an item and maintain a queue of waiting items to be considered later. Postponed decisions are penalized with delay costs, while idle capacity incurs a holding cost. This generalization addresses applications where requests of scarce resources can be delayed, for example, dispatching in logistics and allocation of funding to investments. We model the problem as a Markov decision process and analyze it through dynamic programming. We show that the optimal policy with homogeneous‐sized items possesses a bithreshold structure, despite the high dimensionality of the decision space. Finally, the value (or price) of postponement is illustrated through numerical examples. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 267–292, 2015 相似文献
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Defence expenditures have both costs and benefits to the economy. The costs of defence expenditures are mainly emphasized as opportunity costs. On the other hand, defence spending may have growth‐promoting potential benefits: a rise in defence spending may result in a higher aggregate demand, production and employment. This paper examines empirically the effects of military expenditures on economic growth for Middle Eastern countries and Turkey, for the time‐period 1989–1999. The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is investigated by using cross‐section and dynamic panel estimation techniques. Empirical analysis indicates that military expenditure enhances economic growth in the Middle Eastern countries and Turkey as a whole. 相似文献
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Sakiru Adebola Solarin 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(7):853-870
AbstractAnecdotal evidence offers conflicting views on the impact of globalisation on military expenditure. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating the effect of globalisation on military expenditure in 82 countries for the period, 1989–2012. After introducing economic and strategic variables into the model, we utilise the dynamic panel generalised method of moments system to estimate the relationship in the variables. The empirical findings reveal that globalisation reduces both military burden and real military expenditure. The findings are consistent, irrespective of the globalisation indicator adopted. The policy implications of the results are explained. 相似文献
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AbstractWhile not always a concern for the general economic growth literature, the debate over the effects of military spending on growth continues to develop, with no consensus, but a deepening understanding of the limitations of previous work. One important issue that has not been adequately dealt with is the endogeneity of military spending in the growth equation, mainly because of the difficulty of finding any variables that would make adequate instruments. This paper considers this issue, using an endogenous growth model estimated on a large sample of 109 non-high-income countries for the period 1998–2012. The empirical analysis is framed within an instrumental variable setting that exploits the increase in military spending that occurs when unrest in a country escalates to turmoil. The estimation results show that endogeneity arising from reverse causality is a crucial issue, with the instrumental variable estimates providing a larger significant negative effect of military spending on growth than OLS would. This result is found to be robust to different sources of heterogeneity and different time periods. 相似文献