Dynamic inventory and pricing models for competing retailers

We address infinite‐horizon models for oligopolies with competing retailers under demand uncertainty. We characterize the equilibrium behavior which arises under simple wholesale pricing schemes. More specifically, we consider a periodic review, infinite‐horizon model for a two‐echelon system with a single supplier servicing a network of competing retailers. In every period, each retailer faces a random demand volume, the distribution of which depends on his own retail price as well as those charged by possibly all competing retailers. We also derive various comparative statics results regarding the impact several exogenous system parameters (e.g., cost or distributional parameters) have on the equilibrium decisions of the retailers as well as their expected profits. We show that certain monotonicity properties, engrained in folklore as well as in known inventory models for centralized systems, may break down in decentralized chains under retailer competition. Our results can be used to optimize the aggregate profits in the supply chain (i.e., those of the supplier and all retailers) by implementing a specific wholesale pricing scheme. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

灾害应急反应建模与仿真

为了满足多智能体应急反应仿真的需求,首先对构建多智能体应急反应仿真模拟框架的复杂性进行了分析,在此基础上提出并设计了组件式仿真模拟框架.采用本体(Ontology)建模、语义网模型及产生式规则推理等理论方法构建了仿真模拟框架的场景建模模块、人员Agent建模模块等组件.最后对依照上述研究内容所开发的原型系统进行了测试,对测试结果进行了分析,结果表明该框架能够有效满足多智能体应急反应仿真的建模需求.     

A spatial rank‐based multivariate EWMA control chart

Nonparametric control charts are useful in statistical process control when there is a lack of or limited knowledge about the underlying process distribution, especially when the process measurement is multivariate. This article develops a new multivariate self‐starting methodology for monitoring location parameters. It is based on adapting the multivariate spatial rank to on‐line sequential monitoring. The weighted version of the rank‐based test is used to formulate the charting statistic by incorporating the exponentially weighted moving average control scheme. It is robust to non‐normally distributed data, easy to construct, fast to compute and also very efficient in detecting multivariate process shifts, especially small or moderate shifts which occur when the process distribution is heavy‐tailed or skewed. As it avoids the need for a lengthy data‐gathering step before charting and it does not require knowledge of the underlying distribution, the proposed control chart is particularly useful in start‐up or short‐run situations. A real‐data example from white wine production processes shows that it performs quite well. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 59: 91–110, 2012     

起重机吊重摆角的产生机理与动态仿真研究

针对吊重二自由度摆角非线性动力学模型,研究了起重机吊重摆角的产生机理和摆角的影响因素。起重机小车和大车同时做加（减）速的复合运动时,产生吊重二自由度摆角,摆角的大小受起升绳长度和小车运行加（减）速度大小的影响。动态仿真表明：小车运行加（减）速度对摆角的影响比绳长度显著;小车起动和制动时,吊重做受迫摆动;当小车加（减）速度增大l倍时,吊重摆角约增大0．12rad,摆速约增大0．164rad／s;当绳长度增加2m时,摆角和摆速无明显变化,吊重自由摆动的周期约增加1．3s。     

基于模糊层次分析法的非致命弹药安全管理系统评价

针对非致命弹药安全管理评估方面的空白,采用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）,从宏观上对非致命弹药安全管理系统进行评价。通过分析影响非致命弹药安全管理水平的因素,建立系统综合评价指标。分别建立不同指标间的模糊一致判断矩阵,确定隶属函数、权重值,最后得出定量评判结果,确定非致命弹药安全管理系统等级,对非致命弹药安全管理提供理论依据。     

弹载星敏感器应用方案比较研究

简述了弹载星敏感器几种应用方案的原理,从视场大小、导航星等、观星方式、像元分辨率、三轴姿态精度、动态性能、惯性基准误差分离等方面分析、比较了各种方案的优缺点.除平台方案外,捷联星图方案和单(双)星方案的技术参数相当,动态性能均有待提高.星图方案较单(双)星方案在2个方面占优势:一是星图方案不要求调整星敏感器光轴对准导航星,星跟踪算法等技术能快速识别星图;二是星图方案可同时、连续观测6～8颗星,解算出弹体三轴姿态,可以采用先进的滤波技术准确地分离惯性基准误差.     

翼栅绕流流场数值模拟及动力性能研究

基于2D不可压缩定常流动的控制方程,对5个NACA4412非对称翼型组成的平面直列翼栅绕流流场进行了数值模拟,对比分析了同一翼型在翼栅中工作和单独绕流时的升、阻力情况,验证了翼栅装置工作的可行性,反映了翼栅绕流的客观规律性。结果表明:翼栅翼型头部流速和压力急剧变化,尾部出现流涡尾迹,前部是负压区,后部是正压区,内部流速大,压力小;在1/3弦长附近翼栅翼型表面压力出现拐点,拐点之前翼型上下表面压力差较大,拐点之后翼型上下表面压力差较小;翼栅内部流场具有相似、相近性,外部流场差异性较大;翼型的压力差是产生升力的主要原因。     

液体推进剂消耗对大型卫星结构动特性的影响分析

为了研究液体推进剂消耗对某大型卫星结构动特性的影响,采用简化的“弹簧-质量”模型分析了推进剂消耗对结构动特性的影响趋势;基于MSC.PATRAN/NASTRAN给出了动力学分析过程中液体推进剂的等效建模和分析方法,包括梁单元法、附加质量法、“RBE3 -质量点”单元法和虚拟质量法等;建立了该卫星结构的有限元模型,进行了结构动力学特性和动响应分析,讨论了液体推进剂消耗对其动特性的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着推进剂的消耗,卫星整体振型的固有频率逐渐增大,而部分局部振型的固有频率保持不变;随着推进剂的消耗,卫星仪器安装板动力学响应峰值逐渐增大,所对应的频率也逐渐增大.     

航天测控通信系统可靠性分析的Krylov子空间投影算法

基于Markov模型对航天测控通信系统进行可靠性分析的过程中,若系统中测控通信设备数量较多,模型中的状态空间随设备数量呈指数增长,将会导致数值计算困难.提出了一种基于Krylov子空间技术的可靠性分析方法,将大规模问题投影至小规模子空间中,求得问题的近似解.实验结果证明,Krylov子空间方法的计算速度及精度优于Ross方法和前向Euler法(forward Euler method,FEM).     

面向装备健康管理的可测性指标研究

可测性指标是开展可测性设计、验证和评估的依据.针对传统可测性指标主要用于故障可检测性和故障可隔离性水平评价,不能全面反映面向装备健康管理可测性水平的问题,在定性分析装备健康管理对可测性的本质需求基础上,从全域和瞬态角度提出了五个可测性指标以定量描述面向装备健康管理的可测性水平;并基于故障模式状态矢量给出了可测性指标的分析计算流程.最后以某装备柴油机的机体子系统为案例详细说明了可测性指标的计算过程,应用结果表明所提指标具有一定的可行性和合理性,可以有效指导面向装备健康管理的可测性优化设计.