隐身飞机RCS测量与成像方法研究综述

隐身飞机已逐步成为大国重器,并将持续发挥重要影响,隐身技术也已成为飞行器设计的关键技术。隐身飞机的雷达散射截面积(radar cross section, RCS)测量是设计、制造、维护隐身飞机的必要手段。从缩比模型的RCS测试、全尺寸飞机室外RCS测试、全尺寸飞机室内近场测试三个方面,回顾了隐身飞机RCS测量的基本流程,总结了隐身飞机RCS近场测量的理论基础,并着重对具有成像诊断功能的近场RCS测量技术进行了梳理与分析。对隐身飞机RCS测量的应用趋势和关键技术进行了总结与展望, 有利于对隐身飞机RCS测量形成总体性了解,并把握RCS测量的发展方向。     

空陆攻防博弈的动态武器目标分配

大规模作战具有高动态、非完全信息和不确定性,在分析归纳目前解决动态武器目标分配问题的一系列方法的基础上,尝试构建基于双方动态博弈的攻防对抗综合数学模型,并利用纳什均衡和帕累托最优算法进行分阶段求解。结果表明,该数学模型和博弈论方法结合能够有效解决武器目标动态分配问题。     

备件保障效能动态评估方法

针对目前效能评估方法多重视效能指标的静态观测值,对时序状态数据所蕴含的趋势信息关注较少的缺点,提出基于灰色聚类-粗糙集和集对分析的备件保障效能动态评估方法。针对主客观赋权方法各自的优缺点,引入依赖度和重要度的概念,建立灰色聚类-粗糙集组合赋权模型;将指标权重引入集对理论,提出集对同势、均势和反势的定义,描述备件保障效能的变化规律,构建基于马尔可夫链的集对分析动态模型。实例分析结果表明,该方法可以有效反映备件保障效能的动态变化特征,为决策者制定备件保障长期计划提供科学依据。     

对成像雷达的间歇采样非均匀转发干扰方法

间歇采样转发干扰是针对宽带成像雷达的一种有效干扰方式。根据间歇采样转发干扰的基本原理,对宽带成像雷达,按照常规的均匀转发方式,能够在高分辨距离像结果中叠加一串位置均匀分布的虚假散射点。虚假散射点序列的均匀分布特点不利于干扰信号的伪装。针对此问题,以破坏虚假散射点序列均匀分布为目的,在常规间歇采样转发干扰方法基础上,提出间歇采样非均匀转发干扰方法,并分析其干扰效果。最后通过仿真实验验证了所提出的方法能提高对宽带成像雷达的干扰效果。     

Shortest path interdiction problem with arc improvement recourse: A multiobjective approach

We consider the shortest path interdiction problem involving two agents, a leader and a follower, playing a Stackelberg game. The leader seeks to maximize the follower's minimum costs by interdicting certain arcs, thus increasing the travel time of those arcs. The follower may improve the network after the interdiction by lowering the costs of some arcs, subject to a cardinality budget restriction on arc improvements. The leader and the follower are both aware of all problem data, with the exception that the leader is unaware of the follower's improvement budget. The effectiveness of an interdiction action is given by the length of a shortest path after arc costs are adjusted by both the interdiction and improvement. We propose a multiobjective optimization model for this problem, with each objective corresponding to a different possible improvement budget value. We provide mathematical optimization techniques to generate a complete set of strategies that are Pareto‐optimal. Additionally, for the special case of series‐parallel graphs, we provide a dynamic‐programming algorithm for generating all Pareto‐optimal solutions.     

吸气式高超声速飞行器助推分离过程数值仿真

针对吸气式高超声速冲压发动机验证性试验特殊的飞行环境和助推分离条件,以某轴对称吸气式高超声速飞行器级间分离问题为具体研究对象,采用非结构网格局部网格重构技术和非定常问题非定常六自由度问题仿真方法,对该复杂构型飞行器助推分离过程进行数值计算。研究得到弱干扰冷态分离状态下飞行器及助推器的运动参数和气动力参数在分离过程中的发展规律。对0.3 s内助推器的位移轨迹进行分析,判断分离方案的可行性,并给出最佳的分离工况条件。     

Synchronizing pricing and replenishment to serve forward-looking customers

We incorporate strategic customer waiting behavior in the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) setting. The seller determines not only the timing and quantities of the inventory replenishment, but also the selling prices over time. While similar ideas of market segmentation and intertemporal price discrimination can be carried over from the travel industries to other industries, inventory replenishment considerations common to retail outlets and supermarkets introduce additional features to the optimal pricing scheme. Specifically, our study provides concrete managerial recommendations that are against the conventional wisdom on “everyday low price” (EDLP) versus “high-low pricing” (Hi-Lo). We show that in the presence of inventory costs and strategic customers, Hi-Lo instead of EDLP is optimal when customers have homogeneous valuations. This result suggests that because of strategic customer behavior, the seller obtains a new source of flexibility—the ability to induce customers to wait—which always leads to a strictly positive increase of the seller's profit. Moreover, the optimal inventory policy may feature a dry period with zero inventory, but this period does not necessarily result in a loss of sales as customers strategically wait for the upcoming promotion. Furthermore, we derive the solution approach for the optimal policy under heterogeneous customer valuation setting. Under the optimal policy, the replenishments and price promotions are synchronized, and the seller adopts high selling prices when the inventory level is low and plans a discontinuous price discount at the replenishment point when inventory is the highest.     

超压气球上升过程温度与动力学特性仿真分析

针对带加强筋的超压气球,分析上升过程热环境及受力状态,建立热力学与动力学模型并分析其耦合关系。基于MATLAB开发仿真程序,对超压气球进行仿真分析。分析了气球上升过程中高度、速度、温度变化特性,数据表明上升过程中的热力学环境和动力学特性都对球内气体温度有重要影响,气球上升速度和球内气体温度相互耦合并与自由浮力系数存在相关性。飞行试验实测数据验证了仿真结果的准确性。理论分析结果和仿真模型可为后续超压气球设计和飞行试验提供指导。     

高原环境对弹丸动态稳定性的影响

分析了高原环境低空气密度对弹丸动态稳定性的影响。给出了弹道坐标系中的力方程组和非滚转弹体坐标系中的力矩方程组,并通过线性化方法得到弹丸角运动的状态空间模型。列出了角运动状态矩阵的四个特征根,并利用复数平方根计算方法得到特征根实部的表达式。提出弹丸动态稳定性稳定因子的新定义,并证明新的动态稳定条件与传统的动态稳定条件是一致的。讨论了低空气密度对尾翼稳定弹和旋转稳定弹动态稳定性的影响,并通过仿真说明弹丸在高原条件和平原条件下的动态稳定性存在差异。     

频谱感知次序的在线最优选择

动态频谱接入是解决无线电频谱资源短缺和频谱使用效率低下问题的有效方法,它允许次级用户在授权频谱空闲时动态地接入,以进行数据传输。而频谱感知是实现动态频谱接入的关键挑战之一。由于次级用户的感知能力有限,为了获得更多的频谱接入机会,需要尽快找到频谱空闲概率最大的频段,并研究频谱感知次序问题。考虑到频谱空闲概率对次级用户是不可知的,并且会随时间变化,提出了在线学习框架,把频谱感知次序问题归纳成经典多摇臂赌博机问题,并利用在线学习方法——满意折现汤普森抽样算法处理优化问题。仿真结果表明,和其他算法相比,所提算法可以获得更多的频谱接入机会并且能够跟踪频谱空闲概率的变化。