履带车辆动力性仿真研究

为仿真履带车辆动力性,建立了动力性评价指标的仿真模型,并以某型车为实例,应用Matlab语言编程计算得出理论值,通过与试验值比较验证了模型的有效性和准确性。     

考虑落角约束与驾驶仪特性的自适应RBF空间末制导律

为使大口径舰炮制导炮弹在打击近岸机动目标的末制导段满足落角约束,现考虑自动驾驶仪动态特性,基于自适应RBF逼近网络与动态面滑模提出一种空间末制导律。构建空间弹目相对运动模型,通过带改进微分跟踪器的扩张状态观测器估计目标加速度。为零化视线角跟踪误差与视线角速率,采用自适应指数趋近律设计非奇异终端滑模动态面,并运用自适应RBF逼近网络削弱控制指令抖振。通过Lyapunov第二法证明了全系统中视线角跟踪误差与视线角速率均最终一致有界。仿真实验表明：该末制导律使制导炮弹在空间中打击具有不同机动形式的近岸目标时,均具备良好的末制导性能。     

Balancing a one‐way corridor capacity and safety‐oriented reliability: A stochastic optimization approach for metro train timetabling

In urban rail transit systems of large cities, the headway and following distance of successive trains have been compressed as much as possible to enhance the corridor capacity to satisfy extremely high passenger demand during peak hours. To prevent train collisions and ensure the safety of trains, a safe following distance of trains must be maintained. However, this requirement is subject to a series of complex factors, such as the uncertain train braking performance, train communication delay, and driver reaction time. In this paper, we propose a unified mathematical framework to analyze the safety‐oriented reliability of metro train timetables with different corridor capacities, that is, the train traffic density, and determine the most reliable train timetable for metro lines in an uncertain environment. By employing a space‐time network representation in the formulations, the reliability‐based train timetabling problem is formulated as a nonlinear stochastic programming model, in which we use 0‐1 variables to denote the time‐dependent velocity and position of all involved trains. Several reformulation techniques are developed to obtain an equivalent mixed integer programming model with quadratic constraints (MIQCP) that can be solved to optimality by some commercial solvers. To improve the computational efficiency of the MIQCP model, we develop a dual decomposition solution framework that decomposes the primal problem into several sets of subproblems by dualizing the coupling constraints across different samples. An exact dynamic programming combined with search space reduction strategies is also developed to solve the exact optimal solutions of these subproblems. Two sets of numerical experiments, which involve a relatively small‐scale case and a real‐world instance based on the operation data of the Beijing subway Changping Line are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.     

Optimal staffing in nonstationary service centers with constraints

This paper considers optimal staffing in service centers. We construct models for profit and cost centers using dynamic rate queues. To allow for practical optimal controls, we approximate the queueing process using a Gaussian random variable with equal mean and variance. We then appeal to the Pontryagin's maximum principle to derive a closed form square root staffing (SRS) rule for optimal staffing. Unlike most traditional SRS formulas, the main parameter in our formula is not the probability of delay but rather a cost‐to‐benefit ratio that depends on the shadow price. We show that the delay experienced by customers can be interpreted in terms of this ratio. Throughout the article, we provide theoretical support of our analysis and conduct extensive numerical experiments to reinforce our findings. To this end, various scenarios are considered to evaluate the change in the staffing levels as the cost‐to‐benefit ratio changes. We also assess the change in the service grade and the effects of a service‐level agreement constraint. Our analysis indicates that the variation in the ratio of customer abandonment over service rate particularly influences staffing levels and can lead to drastically different policies between profit and cost service centers. Our main contribution is the introduction of new analysis and managerial insights into the nonstationary optimal staffing of service centers, especially when the objective is to maximize profitability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 615–630, 2017     

高动态GNSS信号多普勒模拟任意阶DDS合成器设计*

为高精度模拟高动态条件下GNSS信号的多普勒特性,本文提出一种任意阶DDS信号合成器的设计方法。设计了任意阶DDS信号合成器的结构;通过理论分析,推导了各级累加器相位初值的计算公式;给出了字长选择方法;经仿真与验证,该方法能精确模拟GNSS信号的多普勒特性。此外,本文提出的DDS设计方法不受阶数的限制,可普遍应用于各类信号模拟器的设计。     

船海复合场景面元化快速电磁建模方法及SAR成像仿真

在微波高频段,海面背景或海上船类目标往往具有电大尺寸和复杂精细的结构,这给船海复合场景的电磁建模带来巨大的计算负担。为简化计算,基于海面电磁散射模型面元化思想和图形电磁学,结合计算耦合场的四路径模型,提出一种电大尺寸船海复合场景电磁散射的快速计算方法。在保证海面与目标复合散射场的计算准确性前提下,提高计算效率。仿真并分析不同雷达参数下动态海面与目标的雷达散射截面,计算结果与实测数据以及精确数值方法结果的良好一致性验证了方法的准确性。将复合散射快速计算方法应用于合成孔径雷达成像仿真,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

电磁轨道发射器动态发射过程的数值模拟

针对电磁轨道发射器动态发射过程的数值模拟问题,基于矢量磁位A和时间积分标量电位V,采用节点单元法,并选择运动坐标系描述运动问题,推导出动态发射下的电磁轨道发射器三维涡流场有限元离散方程。结合温度场控制方程,建立电磁轨道发射器的三维电磁-温度耦合有限元模型。针对一个电磁轨道发射器动态发射问题,对模型进行数值模拟,得到了动态发射下轨道及电枢的温度场分布特点及发射器电感梯度随时间的变化规律。计算结果表明,模型计算出的脉冲电流峰值、出口电流大小、出口速度等参数均与试验结果吻合较好,验证了所开发的有限元程序代码的正确性。     

带有模糊干扰观测器的高超声速飞行器一体化制导控制方法

为充分利用高超声速飞行器在俯冲段的质心运动与绕质心运动之间的耦合作用和飞行过程中的不确定性,基于模糊干扰观测器提出三维一体化制导与控制问题。根据飞行器的动力学方程以及飞行器-目标的视线角相对运动方程,推导出适用于倾斜转弯控制的一体化制导控制模型。针对模型中的不确定性采用模糊干扰观测器进行补偿,并使用块动态面方法设计一种一体化制导控制律。通过选取适当的李雅普诺夫函数证明闭环系统状态的一致毕竟有界性。仿真结果验证了该一体化制导控制方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

星间激光通信系统粗精复合扫瞄技术

星间激光通信系统主要分为捕获、瞄准、跟踪技术,其中捕获技术是星间激光通信系统实现通信的前提和保障。通过对星间通信捕获阶段信标光的粗瞄捕获原理、关键技术和工程应用等内容进行详细的研究,提出一种粗瞄与精瞄相互结合的螺旋-正弦复合扫瞄的方法。对该方法扫瞄过程中的数值分析表明,相比单一粗瞄扫瞄方式,粗精复合扫瞄方法的扫瞄漏扫区域比单一粗扫瞄漏扫区域小、捕获概率更高、捕获时间短。该方法为星间激光通信扫瞄捕获过程提供了一种新的扫瞄方式,具有重要的意义。     

合成分队动态武器目标分配协同决策模型

针对合成分队地面作战特点,提出了一种动态武器目标分配的协同决策模型,该模型基于一种自适应决策中心的协同决策体系结构,以战场信息共享为核心,实现动态火力协同优化分配。提出了针对战场应急目标的一种快速火力分配方法,提高火力整体打击效率的火力适度分配优化方法,适应战场态势动态变化的anytime终止控制方法。仿真实例表明,该模型能够满足合成分队火力动态分配的需求,提高动态武器目标分配决策的合理性和科学性。