Poachers turned gamekeepers: A study of the guerrilla phenomenon in Spain, 1808–1840

This article modifies the associations made by historians and political scientists of Spanish guerrilla warfare with revolutionary insurgency. First, it explains how the guerrilla phenomenon moved from a Leftist to a reactionary symbol. Second, it compares the insurgency and counter-insurgency features of the Carlist War (1833–1840) with those of the better-known Peninsular War (1808–1814). Third, it shows how erstwhile guerrilla leaders during the Carlist War made their expertise available to the counter-insurgency, in a socio-economic as well as military setting. This article revises the social banditry paradigm in nineteenth-century Spain in the under-researched context of Europe bloodiest nineteenth-century civil war.     

A branch‐and‐price approach for the stochastic generalized assignment problem

In this article, we address a stochastic generalized assignment machine scheduling problem in which the processing times of jobs are assumed to be random variables. We develop a branch‐and‐price (B&P) approach for solving this problem wherein the pricing problem is separable with respect to each machine, and has the structure of a multidimensional knapsack problem. In addition, we explore two other extensions of this method—one that utilizes a dual‐stabilization technique and another that incorporates an advanced‐start procedure to obtain an initial feasible solution. We compare the performance of these methods with that of the branch‐and‐cut (B&C) method within CPLEX. Our results show that all B&P‐based approaches perform better than the B&C method, with the best performance obtained for the B&P procedure that includes both the extensions aforementioned. We also utilize a Monte Carlo method within the B&P scheme, which affords the use of a small subset of scenarios at a time to estimate the “true” optimal objective function value. Our experimental investigation reveals that this approach readily yields solutions lying within 5% of optimality, while providing more than a 10‐fold savings in CPU times in comparison with the best of the other proposed B&P procedures. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 131–143, 2014     

多态的大功率可控硅开关功率放大器的仿真

为了满足远距离海底探测对发射信号大功率的需求,选用了一种大功率可控硅开关功率放大器。在临界换流、自然换流和强迫换流3种工作状态下,分析了该功率放大器的工作原理,并建立了等效电路模型。运用Or CAD仿真了临界换流状态时的等效电路模型;在自然换流状态和强迫换流状态下,为获得功放电流值和负载电流值,对其等效电路模型分别建立了非线性数学模型,并通过Matlab和VC++采用四阶Runge-Kutta法对非线性数学模型进行求解。以上方法能够求得该功率放大器电路在任意时刻、任意点处的电流电压值,能较客观、真实地反映电路的工作状况,对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

数值模拟气/气喷嘴速度比对燃烧性能的影响

为研究应用于全流量补燃循环发动机的不同气/气喷嘴得到的燃烧流场,通过求解NavierStokes方程组,对不同燃料与氧化剂速度比下的流动燃烧过程进行了数值计算,计算结果与实验结果吻合。仿真结果表明:增加速度比能使燃烧火焰面提前,燃烧效率变大。如果发动机的长度受到限制,可以适当增加速度比以实现高效燃烧。     

动态拓扑图的卫星网络可视化方法

针对高度动态变化的卫星网络,提出一种基于动态拓扑图的可视化方法。动态拓扑图可视化的难点在于如何保持动态可视化过程中的稳定性,从而使用户容易地感知到网络中所发生的拓扑变化。根据卫星网络的动态变化特点,构建连续的动态拓扑图模型;设计一种保持布局稳定性的策略,并基于力引导思想提出一种动态拓扑图布局算法;以Iridium系统为典型实例,验证本文的可视化方法的合理性和可行性。实验表明,该方法能够以清晰的可视化图像支持用户对卫星网络动态拓扑的感知和理解。     

小子样条件下导弹靶场试验综合评定方法

针对导弹靶场试验中的小子样问题,分析了自助法和随机加权法,并对自助法中再生子样较为集中的不足进行了改进。通过仿真比较得出,改进后的自助法具有更好的评定特性。     

单站单圈卫星初轨确定方法研究

为实现低轨卫星轨道的快速确定和预报,基于单站单圈雷达站测量数据采用遗传算法和最小二乘法对卫星初轨确定及轨道预测问题进行了研究。通过比较分析不同观测误差下两种方法的仿真结果,验证了初轨确定过程中两种方法的可行性,同时指出了各自的优缺点和适用条件,为不同观测条件下卫星最优初轨确定的方法提供了参考。     

基于CBM的航空装备保障费用动态分析

目前航空装备的保障普遍存在保障费用高和装备可用度低的问题。针对视情维修(Condition-based Maintenance,简称CBM)在新一代航空装备中的应用,以保证航空装备的战备完好性,降低维修保障费用为目标,应用系统动力学原理,建立基于视情维修的航空装备保障费用的动态反馈结构模型。仿真结果表明,将视情维修方法应用到航空装备保障,可有效降低保障费用,提高战备完好率。     

基于脉冲控制的末修弹飞行稳定性研究

脉冲力的瞬间作用会引起攻角和侧滑角的急剧变化,对末修弹飞行稳定性产生较大的影响.以线性化运动微分方程组为数学解析手段,对末修弹脉冲作用稳定性进行深入分析研究.数值仿真表明,采用小扰动法分析弹丸脉冲控制弹丸飞行稳定性是可行的.     

The political economy of drones

This paper provides a political economy analysis of the evolution of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or ‘drones’ in the USA. Focus is placed on the interplay between the polity and private economic influences, and their impact on the trajectory of political, economic, and military outcomes. We identify the initial formation of the drone industry, trace how the initial relationships between the military and the private sector expanded over time, and discuss present relationships. Understanding the historical evolution of UAV technology, as well as the major players in the industry today, is important for ongoing policy debates regarding the use of drones both domestically and internationally.