A comparative study of three tool replacement/operation sequencing strategies in a flexible manufacturing system

This paper studies three tool replacement/operation sequencing strategies for a flexible manufacturing system over a finite time horizon: (1) failure replacement—replace the tool only upon failure, (2) optimal preventive tool replacement for a fixed sequence of operations, and (3) joint scheduling of the optimal preventive tool replacement times and the optimal sequence of operations. Stochastic dynamic decision models are used for strategies 2 and 3. The optimization criterion for strategies 2 and 3 is the minimization of the total expected cost over the finite time horizon. We will show through numerical studies that, with the same amount of information, the total expected costs can be reduced considerably by choosing an optimal strategy. Our conclusion is that in flexible manufacturing, optimal tool replacement and optimal operations sequencing are not separate issues. They should be considered jointly to minimize the expected total cost. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 479–499, 2000     

弹炮混编防空群兵力分配模型

针对对付现代日益发展的空袭手段的一种有效方法--弹炮混编防空布势中存在的防空武器种类繁多,兵力分配复杂,难以充分发挥各自效能的问题,建立了非线性规划模型,利用动态规划对该模型进行分析,运用拉格朗日降维法进行降维,将三维降为二维.经防空作战的实例验证该算法不但能将两维降到单维,而且还可以将多维降到单维,能节省计算机的内存使用率,提高仿真计算的速度,符合信息化条件下指挥决策实时化的要求且分配效果较好.     

考虑落角约束与驾驶仪特性的自适应径向基空间末制导律

为使舰炮制导炮弹在打击近岸机动目标的末制导段满足落角约束,考虑驾驶仪动态特性,基于自适应径向基逼近网络与动态面提出一种空间末制导律。构建弹目相对运动模型,通过带改进微分跟踪器的扩张状态观测器估计目标加速度。为零化视线角跟踪误差与角速率,采用自适应指数趋近律设计非奇异终端滑模,运用自适应径向基逼近网络削弱控制指令抖振。通过Lyapunov第二法证明了系统的视线角跟踪误差与视线角速率均最终一致有界。仿真实验表明:该末制导律使制导炮弹在空间中打击不同机动形式的近岸目标时,具备良好的末制导性能。     

How to deal with consumers who group to request a discount?

We investigate operations impacts of consumer‐initiated group buying (CGB), whereby consumers voluntarily form buying groups to negotiate bulk deals with retailers. This differs from regular purchasing whereby consumers visit retailers individually and pay posted prices. Upon the visit by group consumers, a retailer decides to forgo or satisfy their demand in its entirety. Turned down by a retailer, group consumers continue to visit other retailers. In the case where their group effort fails to conclude a deal, some group consumers switch to individual purchasing provided they receive a non‐negative utility by doing so. Even after a successful group event, the group consumers who forgo the event out of utility concern may switch to individual purchasing as well. Retailer competition, group size, and the chance that group consumers switch to individual purchasing upon unsatisfaction are crucial to how retailers adjust operations to deal with CGB. With retailer competition, the rise of CGB results in every consumer paying the same reduced price when group size is small but makes group consumers pay more than by purchasing individually when group size is large. This has mixed consequences on the profits for retailers in both absolute and relative terms.     

Revenue management under randomly evolving economic conditions

We consider a dynamic pricing model in which the instantaneous rate of the demand arrival process is dependent on not only the current price charged by the concerned firm, but also the present state of the world. While reflecting the current economic condition, the state evolves in a Markovian fashion. This model represents the real‐life situation in which the sales season is relatively long compared to the fast pace at which the outside environment changes. We establish the value of being better informed on the state of the world. When reasonable monotonicity conditions are met, we show that better present economic conditions will lead to higher prices. Our computational study is partially calibrated with real data. It demonstrates that the benefit of heeding varying economic conditions is on par with the value of embracing randomness in the demand process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 66:73–89,2019     

救生伞背带参数对假人动载的影响研究

针对救生伞假人高速开伞空投试验,建立降落伞-背带-假人系统的动力学模型,分析背带及脱离锁参数对假人质心过载的影响。在合理简化的基础上,采用多体动力学方法建立降落伞、背带脱离锁和假人的十五自由度动力学模型;采用质量-阻尼弹簧模型建立背带模型,连接降落伞、脱离锁和假人;利用实测过载计算降落伞开伞力。利用所建立的动力学模型仿真典型状态下假人和背带的动力学响应,验证所建立模型的合理性。分析脱离锁位置、背带松紧程度、背带材料特性对假人质心最大过载的影响,用于指导背带设计以及确定最佳的背带脱离锁位置。     

救生伞背带分系统对假人动载的影响

为了改善救生伞背带分系统的安全性,建立降落伞-背带-假人系统的动力学模型,分析背带及脱离锁参数对假人质心过载的影响。针对救生伞假人高速开伞空投试验,采用多体动力学方法建立降落伞、背带脱离锁和假人的十五自由度动力学模型;采用半质量-阻尼弹簧模型建立背带模型,连接降落伞、脱离锁和假人;利用实测过载计算降落伞开伞力。利用所建立的动力学模型仿真典型状态下假人和背带的动力学响应,验证所建立模型的合理性。分析了脱离锁位置、背带松紧程度、背带材料特性对假人质心最大过载的影响,可用于指导背带设计以及确定最佳的背带脱离锁位置。     

基于规则的动态频谱接入研究

动态频谱接入面临的关键技术之一是对接入时机和方式进行有效地管控,防止由于频谱的接入使用过于灵活造成用频的干扰和混乱。将频谱接入的时间和方式给予规则上的约束和指导,基于规则构建动态频谱管理框架可以有效实现频谱的实时管控。对动态频谱接入的规则及表述方式进行了讨论,分析了基于规则的动态频谱接入过程,最后结合美军XG项目的试验结果分析了基于规则的动态频谱接入的应用前景。     

一种改进的量子粒子群算法

量子粒子群算法是将量子计算与粒子群算法相结合的一种新的优化方法。首先利用相位角进行实数编码,将动态量子旋转门引入到粒子群算法中,采用自适应变异,提出了一种改进的量子粒子群算法。然后运用Pe-nalized函数和Ackley函数测试了该算法的性能。最后将该算法应用到武器目标分配模型中,获得了最优的分配方案。仿真研究表明,该算法具有收敛速度快、搜索能力强和稳定性高的特点。     

基于自适应EKF的高动态载波跟踪算法

针对载波跟踪算法在大频偏或动态剧烈变化时易失锁的问题,提出一种无数据辅助情况下基于自适应R/Q扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)的高动态载波跟踪算法。该算法在AEKF代替鉴相器和滤波器的环路结构基础上,引入两倍相位转换来消除数据位跳变的影响,并利用载噪比估计方法和基于加加速度的信号动态监测方法来修正观测噪声协方差(R)和系统状态噪声方差(Q),进而兼顾环路的跟踪精度和动态稳定性。实验结果表明:利用该算法的GPS软件接收机能够在加速度200 g,瞬间加加速度10 000 g/s的动态指标下正常工作。