大口径机枪结构动力学建模方法研究

总结了我国近年来关于大口径机枪结构动力学建模方法研究的主要成果,分析了目前建模方法上存在的某些问题以及对武器装备研制的影响,进一步介绍了边界条件的确定、模型正确性判别和载荷识别等方面的新技术。     

Algorithms for solving the conditional covering problem on paths

Consider the conditional covering problem on an undirected graph, where each node represents a site that must be covered by a facility, and facilities may only be established at these nodes. Each facility can cover all sites that lie within some common covering radius, except the site at which it is located. Although this problem is difficult to solve on general graphs, there exist special structures on which the problem is easily solvable. In this paper, we consider the special case in which the graph is a simple path. For the case in which facility location costs do not vary based on the site, we derive characteristics of the problem that lead to a linear‐time shortest path algorithm for solving the problem. When the facility location costs vary according to the site, we provide a more complex, but still polynomial‐time, dynamic programming algorithm to find the optimal solution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

Outsourcing warranty repairs: Dynamic allocation

In this paper we consider the problem of minimizing the costs of outsourcing warranty repairs when failed items are dynamically routed to one of several service vendors. In our model, the manufacturer incurs a repair cost each time an item needs repair and also incurs a goodwill cost while an item is awaiting and undergoing repair. For a large manufacturer with annual warranty costs in the tens of millions of dollars, even a small relative cost reduction from the use of dynamic (rather than static) allocation may be practically significant. However, due to the size of the state space, the resulting dynamic programming problem is not exactly solvable in practice. Furthermore, standard routing heuristics, such as join‐the‐shortest‐queue, are simply not good enough to identify potential cost savings of any significance. We use two different approaches to develop effective, simply structured index policies for the dynamic allocation problem. The first uses dynamic programming policy improvement while the second deploys Whittle's proposal for restless bandits. The closed form indices concerned are new and the policies sufficiently close to optimal to provide cost savings over static allocation. All results of this paper are demonstrated using a simulation study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

On parallel machine replacement problems with general replacement cost functions and stochastic deterioration

The parallel machine replacement problem consists of finding a minimum cost replacement policy for a finite population of economically interdependent machines. In this paper, we formulate a stochastic version of the problem and analyze the structure of optimal policies under general classes of replacement cost functions. We prove that for problems with arbitrary cost functions, there can be optimal policies where a machine is replaced only if all machines in worse states are replaced (Worse Cluster Replacement Rule). We then show that, for problems with replacement cost functions exhibiting nonincreasing marginal costs, there are optimal policies such that, in any stage, machines in the same state are either all kept or all replaced (No‐Splitting Rule). We also present an example that shows that economies of scale in replacement costs do not guarantee optimal policies that satisfy the No‐Splitting Rule. These results lead to the fundamental insight that replacement decisions are driven by marginal costs, and not by economies of scale as suggested in the literature. Finally, we describe how the optimal policy structure, i.e., the No‐Splitting and Worse Cluster Replacement Rules, can be used to reduce the computational effort required to obtain optimal replacement policies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

主动悬挂原理试验机动平台的设计及试验研究

某型坦克采用扭杆弹簧而无阻尼器的被动悬挂系统,实际行驶中车体的振动较大,严重影响了其行驶平稳性和乘坐舒适性;为了提高车辆的行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性,进而提高在复杂路面上的越野速度,设计了该型坦克的慢主动悬挂原理试验机动平台,采用模糊RBF神经网络自适应控制策略对主动悬挂平台进行了实车试验,结果表明车体的减振性能得到了明显的提高,验证了所设计的慢主动悬挂系统的优越性。     

提高植物学实验教学质量的探讨

对高校植物学实验教学存在问题的进行了探讨,提出改进传统实验教学的教学思路和教学模式,适应创新人才培养需要,提高实验教学质量。     

防空兵群动态防空抗击效率评估模型研究

结合未来陆军机动作战实际,研究了集中射击指挥条件下,防空兵群动态防空抗击效率的评估方法。提出了目标可射击概率应依据火力单位射程选用不同模型评估的观点,探讨了火力单位转移、导弹(弹药)储备和群指挥所状态等因素对群抗击效率的影响及其评估模型。在此基础上,指出了所建模型的适用范围和需要进一步解决的问题。     

温度场对机枪动力特性的影响

现代机枪重量较轻,要达到理想的射击精度就必须保证良好的动力匹配关系。机枪在射击过程中,枪管温度的升高直接影响机枪的动力特性。对某型机枪射击过程中枪管温度场及其对机枪动力特性的影响进行了分析,结果表明,温度变化对机枪动力特性改变的影响较小。     

萃取-絮凝组合精制再生废润滑油

根据溶剂精制再生废润滑油环保、经济、高效的特点,采用单因素实验方法,应用极性溶剂为萃取剂、乙二胺为絮凝剂,组合精制再生废润滑油。最佳工艺条件为:萃取剂为正丁醇,精制时间为15 min,精制温度为25℃,剂/油质量比为5∶1,絮凝剂添加比例为1.0%。以该精制工艺操作,再生油性能指标得到明显改善,黏温指数达130以上,闪点达200℃,酸值为0.05 mg.g-1,灰分质量分数降低到0.01%以下,金属元素含量显著下降,再生油产率为80.6%,各项性能基本上符合HVI150基础油指标,表明该精制工艺再生废润滑油可行,应用前景广阔。     

2A12铝合金焊接接头超声冲击处理前后拉伸性能分析

为克服铝合金薄板焊接接头强度偏低、韧性不足的缺点,用ER5356焊丝对不同厚度的2A12铝合金板材进行了手工氩弧焊接,并采用超声冲击处理对焊接接头进行全覆盖强化处理。采用金相显微镜观察了处理和未处理焊接接头的显微组织结构,对接头的力学性能进行了测试分析,分析了超声冲击处理改善2A12铝合金焊接接头力学性能的机理。结果表明：铝合金焊接接头经超声冲击强化处理后,6 mm和4 mm厚板材对接接头的抗拉强度分别提高了17.4%和23.7%,延伸率分别提高了28%和44%,焊缝表层组织得到明显细化。分析认为：晶粒大幅细化、组织致密化和缺陷减少,是超声冲击处理改善铝合金焊接接头抗拉伸性能的主要原因。