美国陆军作战试验部队管理体系研究

作战试验部队是试验鉴定力量体系的重要支撑,是完成装备作战试验的直接载体。美国在装备试验与鉴定方面走在世界前列,建立了一整套行之有效的管理体制,陆军实行试验与鉴定的一体化管理,具有独立的作战试验鉴定部门,没有编设专业化的作战试验部队,试验任务主要根据装备的特性选取未来典型用户的作战部队在真实对抗环境中完成。作战试验部队主要参加作战评估、初始作战试验与评价以及后续作战试验与评价三个阶段的作战试验,在一体化试验小组的协调下,依托靶场完成试验训练任务。本文主要通过对美国陆军试验部队的研究,分析了美国陆军作战试验与鉴定发展概况,重点研究了作战试验部队管理体系,并从整个试验与鉴定系统归纳总结作战试验部队管理及相关工作的主要做法。     

美国应对外空国际条约的做法简析

针对现行国际空间法存在的诸多漏洞和缺陷,国际空间大国积极利用这些漏洞寻求开展外空试验的依据,并规避法律的约束以发展外空武器装备,使得外空存在被武器化的风险,外空军备竞赛日益激烈。因此,研究并利用外空条约、关注空间大国开展外空试验的现实做法,可以为开展外空活动提供借鉴和依据。本文重点研究了美国海基反卫试验和轨道快车试验,从试验背景、目的、对外口径以及对外反应几个方面,综合对比分析了试验的现实做法,剖析了美国应对外空条约的做法,从技术上、政策上和法律上得出了如何应对的方法和途径。研究成果可为我国合理合法地开展外空行动提供借鉴,从而赢得国际社会的认可。     

利用过阻尼电路合成高压方波脉冲

在过阻尼RLC电路分时放电的基础上,提出新型高压方波脉冲产生方法。理论分析表明:过阻尼RLC电路产生的双指数电压波与脉冲形成线产生的方形电压波具有类似的上升沿和平顶。电路模拟表明:通过人工过零技术可以对双指数电压波进行截尾,从而形成完整的高压方波脉冲。建立了原理验证性样机,由两组RLC电路构成,每组电路包含一台脉冲电容器和一只三电极场畸变气体开关,两组电路共用一个上升沿调节电感。实验证明:样机可以在电阻负载上输出幅值为17 kV、平顶宽度为330 ns～5.8μs、上升沿为100～350 ns的单极性高压方波脉冲。该方法适应性强,对负载变化不敏感,同时具有良好的可调节性,方波上升沿、平顶宽度连续独立可调。     

高超声速滑翔导弹气动参数自适应跟踪建模

针对高超声速滑翔导弹跟踪中状态模型构建问题,研究基于制导变量变化规律的气动参数建模方法。对气动参数进行分析,指出传统建模方法的缺点。在假设制导变量服从一阶时滞过程的前提下,利用线性化的气动系数推导气动参数模型,通过分析不同飞行状态下的模型变式,证明模型对目标机动具有自适应性。对模型中未知参数的取值问题进行讨论,实现模型与飞行状态的自适应匹配。仿真结果表明：当目标发生机动时,所提模型性能明显优于传统模型。同时,在不同滤波器参数条件下的仿真结果进一步证实了模型的有效性。     

PMI泡沫夹层结构雷达天线罩间接热-结构耦合分析与实验研究

机载PMI泡沫夹层结构雷达天线罩在环境温度变化时将产生表面变形现象并影响其使用性能,但对天线罩热变形结果进行实时检测分析具有一定难度。通过ANSYS间接热-结构耦合法建立了分析模型,对天线罩进行了计算分析,采用热膨胀片状模型进行了理论分析,在此基础上,设计并开展了温度冲击实验研究。结果表明, PMI夹层结构天线罩的热-结构耦合变形综合应变趋势是棱边处膨胀程度最大,由边缘至天线罩透波面中心处,膨胀程度逐渐减小;间接热-结构耦合计算应变值与实测应变值之间平均相差35.08%,间接热-结构耦合分析方法与模型具有一定的可信性。     

Robust shortest path planning and semicontractive dynamic programming

In this article, we consider shortest path problems in a directed graph where the transitions between nodes are subject to uncertainty. We use a minimax formulation, where the objective is to guarantee that a special destination state is reached with a minimum cost path under the worst possible instance of the uncertainty. Problems of this type arise, among others, in planning and pursuit‐evasion contexts, and in model predictive control. Our analysis makes use of the recently developed theory of abstract semicontractive dynamic programming models. We investigate questions of existence and uniqueness of solution of the optimality equation, existence of optimal paths, and the validity of various algorithms patterned after the classical methods of value and policy iteration, as well as a Dijkstra‐like algorithm for problems with nonnegative arc lengths.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 66:15–37, 2019     

Pairwise model discrimination with applications in lifetime distributions and degradation processes

Reliability data obtained from life tests and degradation tests have been extensively used for purposes such as estimating product reliability and predicting warranty costs. When there is more than one candidate model, an important task is to discriminate between the models. In the literature, the model discrimination was often treated as a hypothesis test and a pairwise model discrimination procedure was carried out. Because the null distribution of the test statistic is unavailable in most cases, the large sample approximation and the bootstrap were frequently used to find the acceptance region of the test. Although these two methods are asymptotically accurate, their performance in terms of size and power is not satisfactory in small sample size. To enhance the small‐sample performance, we propose a new method to approximate the null distribution, which builds on the idea of generalized pivots. Conventionally, the generalized pivots were often used for interval estimation of a certain parameter or function of parameters in presence of nuisance parameters. In this study, we further extend the idea of generalized pivots to find the acceptance region of the model discrimination test. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods in discriminating between two lifetime distributions or two degradation models over a wide range of sample sizes. Two real examples are used to illustrate the proposed methods.     

Parametric study of single confined fragment launch explosive device

In this article, parametric study of single confined fragment launch device was carried out. The configuration proposed was further studied to derive the empirical relationship for effect of fragment size, charge size, confinement thickness on fragment velocity. The simulations were carried out using ANSYS-AUTODYNE explicit solver. Fragment velocities were estimated as a function of different parametric combinations of explosive quantities, charge length to diameter ratio, fragment height to diameter ratio, confinement thickness, fragment material and fragment mass. The data was further converted to charge to metal ratio under fragment and confinement. It was observed that, increase in confinement thickness, charge quantity and decrease in fragment height increases the fragment velocity. It is also noted that, charge to metal mass ratio under fragment significantly affects the fragment velocity. At the end, an empirical relationship for fragment velocity interms of all these parameters was established. Using these relations, two velocities 1831.92 m/s and 2523.9 m/s required for NATO STANAG 4496 IM test were estimated. The design parameters for these velocities are presented. Also, the results estimated using the empirical relationship has been compared with published experimental data. Error in the predicted velocities is within the acceptable range. The empirical relationship proposed will be useful for finalization of design of the fragment launch device.     

电磁轨道发射中内弹道动力响应特性分析

将轨道简化为移动载荷作用下固定在弹性支撑上的Bernoulli-Euler梁,通过静态电磁-结构耦合有限元模型求得外围封装的等效刚度,计算得到发射器的临界速度。另外,利用混合有限元/边界元法建立电磁-结构-运动多物理场耦合的动力学模型,求得枢轨动态接触压力和轨道的应力应变分布特性。通过在轨道背面布置光纤光栅应变传感器,利用测量数据验证了动力响应特性,并分析了弹丸在内弹道的稳定性。针对典型30 mm × 30 mm矩形口径发射器,分析及试验结果表明：C型电枢对轨道的电磁挤压力在平顶沿起始时刻达到最大值,之后随着时间推移逐渐减小;电枢通过引起的应力波在高速段容易与轨道中反射应力波发生共振,并且轨道在电枢运动的中间高速段区域受力最为集中,应力集中水平约是起始低速段区域的2.44倍;电枢运动高速段会出现晃动现象,进而引起上下轨道受力的不对称性。分析及试验结果对研究电磁轨道发射器内弹道动力响应特性和发射器结构设计具有重要指导意义。     

利用RLC电路合成高压方波脉冲

基于过阻尼RLC电路分时放电,提出了一种新型高压方波脉冲产生方法。理论分析表明过阻尼RLC电路产生的双指数电压波与PFL产生的方形电压波具有类似的上升沿和平顶。电路模拟表明通过人工过零技术可以对双指数电压波进行截尾,从而形成完整的高压方波脉冲。建立了原理验证性样机,由两组RLC电路构成,每组电路包含一台400 nF脉冲电容器和一只三电极场畸变气体开关,两组电路共用一个上升沿调节电感。实验证明样机可以在250 Ω电阻负载上输出幅值17 kV,平顶宽度330 ns~5.8 μs,上升沿100~ 350 ns 的单极性高压方波脉冲。该方法适应性强,对负载变化不敏感,同时具有良好的可调节性,方波上升沿、平顶宽度连续独立可调。