基于实际飞行数据插值的INS/GNSS组合导航仿真轨迹发生器

针对INS/GNSS组合导航仿真中,捷联惯导系统陀螺、加速度计信号高精度模拟问题,提出了基于实际飞行数据插值的动态轨迹解析生成仿真算法。对转换到地心惯性坐标系中的载体姿态、位置和重力场数据进行关于时间的样条函数插值,得到载体坐标系下陀螺角速率、角增量以及加速度计比力积分增量的高精度分段解析表达式。使生成的陀螺、加速度计信号符合载体运动学和动力学特性,反映杆臂效应影响,同时与经事后处理的实测GNSS伪距、伪距率等数据特征保持一致。提出了四元数约束插值算法,可满足四元数解析插值时范数为1的约束限制条件。基于某实际无人机飞行数据,验证了所提出算法的有效性,完全满足组合导航动态仿真精度要求。该算法也适用于其他高精度高动态导航系统和刚体运动控制仿真中的角运动、线运动传感器信号模拟。     

基于高斯伪谱法的弹道跟踪制导律

针对拦截临近空间高超声速飞行器的弹道跟踪过程,设计了一种基于高斯伪谱法的跟踪制导律。为了对标称弹道进行精确跟踪,基于线性二次型跟踪问题,应用最优控制理论推导最优解的充要条件,得到带时变增益的线性状态反馈控制量的表达式;基于高斯伪谱法,在离散的勒让德-高斯(LG)点上利用标称弹道数据计算差分矩阵和系数矩阵,求得状态扰动反馈控制律。仿真结果表明,该方法能够快速、有效的消除跟踪误差,满足在线实施要求。     

采用扩展有限元法的线式爆炸分离装置裂纹扩展分析

为了提高线式爆炸分离装置的安全性,本研究基于扩展有限元法,通过创建二维和三维动态裂纹扩展模型,探索了线式爆炸分离装置在爆轰波作用过程中的动态裂纹扩展和止裂机理。研究表明,分离壳体的裂纹扩展路径独立于裂纹初始角度;不考虑载荷时序时,二维和三维动态裂纹扩展的主方向分别沿着分离壳体的径向和环向;考虑载荷时序时,受不同区域应力波的联合作用,三维裂纹沿环向扩展的同时会沿着轴向扩展,但裂纹的扩展均不会影响到止裂槽以外的结构。所提方法和相应结论可为线式爆炸分离装置设计提供参考。     

Dynamic pricing and replenishment: Optimality,bounds, and asymptotics

In many applications, managers face the problem of replenishing and selling products during a finite time horizon. We investigate the problem of making dynamic and joint decisions on product replenishment and selling in order to improve profit. We consider a backlog scenario in which penalty cost (resulting from fulfillment delay) and accommodation cost (resulting from shortage at the end of the selling horizon) are incurred. Based on continuous‐time and discrete‐state dynamic programming, we study the optimal joint decisions and characterize their structural properties. We establish an upper bound for the optimal expected profit and develop a fluid policy by resorting to the deterministic version of the problem (ie, the fluid problem). The fluid policy is shown to be asymptotically optimal for the original stochastic problem when the problem size is sufficiently large. The static nature of the fluid policy and its lack of flexibility in matching supply with demand motivate us to develop a “target‐inventory” heuristic, which is shown, numerically, to be a significant improvement over the fluid policy. Scenarios with discrete feasible sets and lost‐sales are also discussed in this article.     

履带车辆动力性仿真研究

为仿真履带车辆动力性,建立了动力性评价指标的仿真模型,并以某型车为实例,应用Matlab语言编程计算得出理论值,通过与试验值比较验证了模型的有效性和准确性。     

Balancing a one‐way corridor capacity and safety‐oriented reliability: A stochastic optimization approach for metro train timetabling

In urban rail transit systems of large cities, the headway and following distance of successive trains have been compressed as much as possible to enhance the corridor capacity to satisfy extremely high passenger demand during peak hours. To prevent train collisions and ensure the safety of trains, a safe following distance of trains must be maintained. However, this requirement is subject to a series of complex factors, such as the uncertain train braking performance, train communication delay, and driver reaction time. In this paper, we propose a unified mathematical framework to analyze the safety‐oriented reliability of metro train timetables with different corridor capacities, that is, the train traffic density, and determine the most reliable train timetable for metro lines in an uncertain environment. By employing a space‐time network representation in the formulations, the reliability‐based train timetabling problem is formulated as a nonlinear stochastic programming model, in which we use 0‐1 variables to denote the time‐dependent velocity and position of all involved trains. Several reformulation techniques are developed to obtain an equivalent mixed integer programming model with quadratic constraints (MIQCP) that can be solved to optimality by some commercial solvers. To improve the computational efficiency of the MIQCP model, we develop a dual decomposition solution framework that decomposes the primal problem into several sets of subproblems by dualizing the coupling constraints across different samples. An exact dynamic programming combined with search space reduction strategies is also developed to solve the exact optimal solutions of these subproblems. Two sets of numerical experiments, which involve a relatively small‐scale case and a real‐world instance based on the operation data of the Beijing subway Changping Line are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.     

考虑落角约束与驾驶仪特性的自适应RBF空间末制导律

为使大口径舰炮制导炮弹在打击近岸机动目标的末制导段满足落角约束,现考虑自动驾驶仪动态特性,基于自适应RBF逼近网络与动态面滑模提出一种空间末制导律。构建空间弹目相对运动模型,通过带改进微分跟踪器的扩张状态观测器估计目标加速度。为零化视线角跟踪误差与视线角速率,采用自适应指数趋近律设计非奇异终端滑模动态面,并运用自适应RBF逼近网络削弱控制指令抖振。通过Lyapunov第二法证明了全系统中视线角跟踪误差与视线角速率均最终一致有界。仿真实验表明：该末制导律使制导炮弹在空间中打击具有不同机动形式的近岸目标时,均具备良好的末制导性能。     

风场中平流层飞艇轨迹跟踪的滑模控制方法

为实现平流层飞艇驻空阶段可控飞行,研究环境风场中横侧向轨迹跟踪的滑模控制方法。建立平流层飞艇驻空阶段动力学模型,将动力学方程解耦为纵向运动方程和横侧向运动方程,采用小扰动方法对动力学方程进行线性化;利用滑模控制对外部干扰强鲁棒的特性,设计横侧向轨迹跟踪的滑模控制器;以直线与圆组成的复合轨迹跟踪控制为例,对提出的轨迹控制方法进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提基于滑模的轨迹跟踪控制方法鲁棒性好,在一定范围的风场扰动条件下,可以实现对指令轨迹的有效跟踪控制,响应特性好。     

基于降低运算复杂度的子空间跟踪算法稳健性分析

FDPM和FOOJA是目前两种最为有效的适用于主、次子空间跟踪的方法,属于低复杂度算法。进一步降低算法运算复杂度,对保证算法的实时性具有非常重要的意义。以降低算法运算复杂度为背景,通过对FDPM、FOOJA算法的分析,指出存在两种简化运算量的FDPM1stcol、FOOJA1stcol方法。在有限精度运算条件下,对四种方法的稳定性、数值鲁棒性进行了深入分析和讨论。通过实验仿真,对分析的结论进行了验证。     

潜艇对机动目标跟踪和攻击若干问题的探讨

在现代作战条件下,潜艇所要跟踪和攻击的目标多数情况下应认为是机动目标。限于潜艇所载目标探测传感器和武器特点,以及潜艇自身隐蔽性、机动性方面的约束,潜艇跟踪和攻击机动目标存在许多困难和值得研究的问题。对这些问题进行了较为系统地梳理,并对其中的若干问题进行了探讨,包括目标机动的原因、机动目标可判断性问题、机动判断手段、机动判断后目标参数的处理、机动目标攻击的基本原则和方法等,还对潜艇指控系统强化机动目标跟踪和攻击功能提出了一些建议。