A Re-assessment of the Japanese Armaments Production During World War II*

Abstract

This paper examines the nexus between the Japanese strategy and economic–industrial mobilization during the period 1937–1945. From 1937 to December 1941, the country was engaged in a land war of attrition in China. This war requested an immense amount of resources and was associated with armaments procurement strategy with emphasis in the army. However, the Japanese strategic vision assumed that the state was strong enough to engage in one land war against China and in a naval war in the Pacific simultaneously. The basis of Japanese strategy was a utopia. Making things worse, the naval war in the Pacific was conducted against the most industrialized powers in the world [the US and the British Empire (Britain, Australia, India, etc.)]. Finally, the internal Japanese industrial mobilization was associated with immense errors in armaments production (absence of economies of scale and scope, limited raw materials, etc.). Under these circumstances, the defeat was an expected outcome.     

基于专家系统的防化保障预案评估研究

人工智能技术在众多领域获得广泛应用．为满足现代战争对防化指挥手段的现代化要求,针对不易量化的防化指挥决策问题的评估,提出了构建知识库并应用模糊推理机制建立专家系统,据此进行防化保障预案的评估选优方法,并对该方法的求解过程进行了探讨．     

On parallel machine replacement problems with general replacement cost functions and stochastic deterioration

The parallel machine replacement problem consists of finding a minimum cost replacement policy for a finite population of economically interdependent machines. In this paper, we formulate a stochastic version of the problem and analyze the structure of optimal policies under general classes of replacement cost functions. We prove that for problems with arbitrary cost functions, there can be optimal policies where a machine is replaced only if all machines in worse states are replaced (Worse Cluster Replacement Rule). We then show that, for problems with replacement cost functions exhibiting nonincreasing marginal costs, there are optimal policies such that, in any stage, machines in the same state are either all kept or all replaced (No‐Splitting Rule). We also present an example that shows that economies of scale in replacement costs do not guarantee optimal policies that satisfy the No‐Splitting Rule. These results lead to the fundamental insight that replacement decisions are driven by marginal costs, and not by economies of scale as suggested in the literature. Finally, we describe how the optimal policy structure, i.e., the No‐Splitting and Worse Cluster Replacement Rules, can be used to reduce the computational effort required to obtain optimal replacement policies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

经济视野的新时期军事安全战略

经济全球化深刻影响和改变了世界经济、政治、军事安全形势,促使我们探索新时期的国家军事安全战略。本文试图由经济视角透视新时期军事安全战略,简要分析了经济全球化背景下我国军事安全面临的挑战,强调经济安全是新时期军事安全战略的立足点和重要战略目标,并探讨了经济软实力作为非战争军事斗争方式的运用及经济全球化影响下的新时期军事安全战略的特征。     

部队思想政治工作矛盾运动规律的经济学思考

思想政治工作从事的是人的工作,遵循一般社会实践活动的基本规律,我们把部队思想政治工作比作一个复杂的生产过程,为使其顺利进行,并取得较好效益,必须在思想政治工作矛盾运动的关键点上下功夫,进行主体优化。从客体出发重视供求关系,加快部队思想政治工作矛盾运动循环。合理安排部队思想政治工作内部各生产要素的比例和数量,走规模经济建设之路。     

基于专业、学科、基地三位一体的教育学科师资队伍建设实践

师资队伍建设是学科建设的核心任务,石河子大学师范学院基于专业、学科、基地三位一体的教育学科师资队伍建设实践取得了一定的实效。通过培育专业意识、提高专业教学能力、提供专业发展空间不断锤炼教育学科教师的专业素质和能力;依托学科凝练研究方向和集聚研究队伍,开展科研训练提高教师教育研究的能力;搭建教育研究与活动的优质平台,服务成果展示与转化,提升有效服务社会的能力。     

晃动基座下捷联惯导的初始对准研究

为了降低车体振动对惯性器件输出的影响,运用小波域阈值滤波对信号进行预滤波,介绍一种初始对准非线性误差模型,并运用H∞滤波完成初始对准。针对坦克发动的情况,分别在固定怠速和不同怠速的情况下进行大量重复实验,实验结果表明：该方法能够有效完成坦克发动下初始对准,具有良好的重复性和稳定性。     

Newsvendor bounds and heuristics for serial supply chains with regular and expedited shipping

We study an infinite‐horizon, N‐stage, serial production/inventory system with two transportation modes between stages: regular shipping and expedited shipping. The optimal inventory policy for this system is a top–down echelon base‐stock policy, which can be computed through minimizing 2N nested convex functions recursively (Lawson and Porteus, Oper Res 48 (2000), 878–893). In this article, we first present some structural properties and comparative statics for the parameters of the optimal inventory policies, we then derive simple, newsvendor‐type lower and upper bounds for the optimal control parameters. These results are used to develop near optimal heuristic solutions for the echelon base‐stock policies. Numerical studies show that the heuristic performs well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

改革开放以来我国经济法取得的主要成效及发展方向

中国特色经济法是改革开放的产物,有力地促进了社会主义市场经济的健康、快速发展。经济法在保证经济实现科学发展的同时,自身也突破了对调整能力的传统认识,区分了经济法与行政法,明确了经济法的正确定位,创新了经济法的发展观,提出了“经济法主体”概念,冲破了公法与私法的界限,形成了与相关学科协调发展的经济法学研究格局。今后,经济法的发展必须重视从完善社会主义市场经济基本制度,健全现代市场体系,规范政府科学干预经济生活,宏观调控的重点、热点、难点问题和基础理论研究的创新上把握研究重点,保证经济实现科学发展。     

Reforming China’s defense industry

ABSTRACT

Even with sizable economic inputs, access to foreign technologies, and considerable political will, China, up until the late 1990s, experienced only limited success when it came to the local design, development, and manufacture of advanced conventional weapons. Not surprisingly, therefore, reforming the local defense industry in order to upgrade its technology base and manufacturing capabilities and to make armaments production more efficient and cost-effective has long preoccupied the Chinese leadership. The fact that most of these efforts had little positive impact on the country’s military technological and industrial capabilities only encouraged Beijing to experiment with additional reforms in the hopes of finally getting it right.