THE NPT

This article assesses the successes and failures of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) since its creation in 1968 by developing and applying a set of “metrics” to each of the NPT's substantive articles as well as to its withdrawal provisions. In light of this analysis, the article also puts forward some specific proposals for strengthening the NPT and its implementation, with a view to the debate and decisions at the upcoming 2010 NPT Review Conference. A concluding section turns explicitly to the 2010 NPT Review Conference and proposes pursuit of agreement on three NPT Action Plans: one for nonproliferation, one for peaceful uses, and one for nuclear disarmament. Combining vision and practicable steps, these Action Plans would set out a roadmap for action between the 2010 and the 2015 NPT Review Conferences. They could provide a foundation for substantive exchanges—in this case, on progress toward their implementation—during the preparations for the 2015 conference.     

基于最优Morlet小波的全信息能量熵提取及其在滚动轴承状态监测中的应用

为利用振动信号中隐含的冲击特征成分来反映轴承性能退化趋势,综合利用小波变换技术和全信息技术,提出一种基于最优Morlet小波变换的全信息能量熵提取方法．以最小Shannon熵优化Morlet小波形状参数,通过多源振动数据的小波变换系数,利用信息熵综合反映冲击特征能量在不同频带分布差异．滚动轴承全寿命数据的应用结果表明,全信息能量熵的变化趋势能够监测轴承状态的劣化过程,而伴随的早期故障检测可以提高轴承使用的安全性．     

建筑太阳能光电热一体化系统的瞬态性能模拟

利用TRNSYS软件对重庆夏季建筑屋顶太阳能光电热一体化系统进行瞬态模拟分析计算,得到系统瞬时发电量与一段时间内累计发电量,光电热模块瞬时进出水温度与太阳能平板集热器瞬时进出水温度,系统一段时间内光电热模块累计有效得热量与一段时间内太阳能平板集热器累计有效得热量,系统的光电转换效率、光热转换效率以及太阳能综合利用效率。结果表明,建筑屋顶太阳能光电热一体化系统是重庆地区建筑太阳能光电热一体化系统适宜的型式。     

基于能量均衡的无线传感器网络生命周期延长策略

为了从能量均衡角度出发解决无线传感器网络生命周期延长问题,从而延长整个物联网生命周期,针对无线传感器网络节点遭遇"路由空洞"的时候出现路由中断和生命周期缩短现象,分析能量消耗原理,构建最优跳数模型和能量均衡协议,并提出采用能量均衡的思路减少节点能量消耗。实验仿真发现,应用能量均衡协议使无线传感器网络节点能量分布更加均匀,节点能量消耗时间明显变长,而个别节点能量消耗速度明显大于其他节点的情况得以减少,达到延长无线传感器网络生命周期的目的。仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于免疫遗传算法的人上位拣选车作业规划问题求解

针对人上位拣选车的作业轨迹规划问题构建了具有附加安全约束条件的时间最优控制数学模型,并提出了一种免疫遗传求解算法．该算法较单纯遗传算法有效避免了种群退化,且收敛速度更快．实验表明,该算法适用于求解人上位拣选车的作业轨迹规划问题．     

基于Prony算法合闸于故障保护方案

将Prony分析方法应用于断路器合闸于故障保护。利用Matlab软件对断路器合闸于输电线路故障和非故障情况下的暂态过程进行建模和仿真,对合闸后半个周波或1个周波输电线路保护安装处实测的电流数据进行采样,应用Pronv算法对其进行分析,提取出此暂态电流中包含的各次自振荡分量的各个特征量,识别出线路中是否存在故障。仿真证明：该分析方法可在合闸后半个周波或1个周波准确求出合闸操作暂态过程中各次频率的分量,从而正确识别线路的故障。     

采用无线携能技术的中继辅助CR-NOMA系统能效分析

针对现有关于认知无线电非正交多址接入网络的研究中终端电池容量有限和能源利用率低的缺点,采用了中继辅助用户进行传输,并且引入无线信息和能量同时传输的方式。在用户服务质量和最小能量捕获的约束条件下推导了次用户传输能效表达式,通过分式规划方法把非凸的目标函数转化为优化中继发射功率、中继功率分配和接收端功率分配三个凸的单目标问题,并分别用函数单调性、黄金分割算法、拉格朗日对偶算法和多目标联合优化算法进行优化,求得了全局最优解,使次用户系统传输能效最大化。对所采用的算法复杂度进行分析,仿真结果表明:与传统的正交多址接入方案相比较,在提高系统频谱利用率的同时,次用户传输能效有47%的提高。     

《孙子兵法》中的“利害观”

兵家的辩证法是中国古代哲学的重要源头之一。在孙子提出的一系列对立统一的矛盾范畴中,尤以对利害关系的把握最为精彩,这是孙子辩证法的精髓。“利害观”是孙子解剖战争问题的一把利器,把握住了利害关系的要义,就不难理解“慎战”“不战”“全胜”等核心观念。同时,它也是人们在面临人生道路上各种得失选择时的方法指南。     

‘Full spectrum dominance’: Donald Rumsfeld,the Department of Defense,and US irregular warfare strategy, 2001–2008

This article examines the evolution of US irregular warfare (IW) doctrine and practice from 2001 onwards. It argues that, after 9/11, top-tier civilian policymakers in the US Department of Defense (DoD) and across the US government developed a heightened awareness of asymmetric threats and non-conventional forms of warfare, especially those shaped by contemporary globalisation. The result was a gradual turn towards irregular warfare, led by Rumsfeld and the DoD, designed to ensure ‘full spectrum dominance’ across all modes of conflict. This pre-dated the insurgency in Iraq and the promotion of counterinsurgency in the US Army by General David Petraeus and others. Policymakers' reluctance to acknowledge the insurgency in Iraq was not down to a failure to understand the concept of IW, but because they had viewed Iraq in conventional terms for so many years and were reluctant to admit their mistake.     

Africa and the 2015 NPT Review Conference

African states' attendance at and participation in the preparations for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) has produced mixed results, with the continent acting as both agent and bystander in respect of certain issues. African agency is evident in, for example, its position as a member of groupings on Iran's nuclear weapons programme and the Middle East Nuclear Weapons Free Zone. Less agency is evident in states' individual actions. This underscores the importance of African states' preference for multilateralism. However, African agency is also less evident in African multilateral efforts at the NPT preparatory meetings. The impact of these developments on the 2015 NPT Review Conference is too soon to tell but may bode ill for African agency.