全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3481篇 |
免费 | 921篇 |
国内免费 | 581篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 23篇 |
2022年 | 40篇 |
2021年 | 85篇 |
2020年 | 61篇 |
2019年 | 58篇 |
2018年 | 75篇 |
2017年 | 179篇 |
2016年 | 263篇 |
2015年 | 157篇 |
2014年 | 308篇 |
2013年 | 263篇 |
2012年 | 327篇 |
2011年 | 295篇 |
2010年 | 200篇 |
2009年 | 337篇 |
2008年 | 253篇 |
2007年 | 275篇 |
2006年 | 332篇 |
2005年 | 289篇 |
2004年 | 213篇 |
2003年 | 166篇 |
2002年 | 128篇 |
2001年 | 122篇 |
2000年 | 86篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 88篇 |
1997年 | 53篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4983条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
881.
Jun Ando 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(7):794-808
AbstractThis study estimates a three-sector Feder–Ram model using US annual data for 1965–2014 to confirm the externality of defense expenditure in the United States. Although the model is often used in the literature to scrutinize whether this effect exists, a flaw intrinsic to this model is the appearance of multicollinearity. In this study, I introduced novel techniques, namely: the standardization and estimation of a simple slope, to estimate the model. The results are as follows. First, I prove that the multicollinearity problem can be resolved by standardization. Second, externality, which is judged to conventionally exist, is not found. Third, increases in defense expenditure bring about positive but limited economic growth when the ratio of private to defense expenditure in the previous year ranges from 5.09 to 6.82%. By re-estimating the model, this study contributes to developing the Feder–Ram model within the related literature. 相似文献
882.
When Do Imposed Economic Sanctions Work? A Critical Review of the Sanctions Effectiveness Literature
Dursun Peksen 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(6):635-647
ABSTRACTThere is growing policy consensus in Washington and other Western capitals that economic sanctions are powerful tools to cope with major foreign policy crises. Are sanctions, particularly targeted sanctions, really the potent instruments optimists suggest? Under what circumstances do punitive economic measures induce policy change in sanctioned countries? To probe these queries, in this article I outline the conditions that have been identified as more likely to lead to successful sanctions outcomes in the literature. I also discuss four major shortcomings of existing scholarship. First, the sender-biased interpretation of sanctions effectiveness renders the treatment of the ‘ineffective’ cases with negative outcomes the same as those cases that induce no discernable change in target behavior. Second, the prevalent use of static data from existing sanctions databases reduces the ability of researchers to study various time-specific factors affecting the probability of sanctions success. Third, the dominant state-centric bargaining model in the literature offers limited insight into contemporary coercive measures directed at non-state actors. Fourth, the study of sanctions in isolation of other instruments that frequently accompany them, such as incentives and diplomatic pressure, leads to a partial understanding of the specific role sanctions play in shaping the outcome of key foreign policy initiatives. 相似文献
883.
概念模型验证是保证和提高仿真可信性的重要手段,是建模与仿真VV&A中的重点和难点.首先将概念模型的验证方法划分为非形式化方法、静态方法、动态方法和形式化方法4类,并提出了一种基于本体推理的概念模型验证方法,然后对各种方法的基本思想、基本原理、基本过程、适用对象、优缺点进行全面的分析总结,明确了各种方法的优缺点和适用范围,为如何选用各种验证方法提供参考,也明确了下一步应重点研究的问题. 相似文献
884.
为合理有效地评估雷达在战场上的生存能力,选取截获概率作为定量评估指标,分析了侦察截获的判断条件,根据截获条件对雷达对抗侦察系统进行功能仿真,建立了基于HLA的评估系统.通过仿真得到了对应时间的截获概率,并以此作为评估雷达生存能力的定量指标.仿真结果表明,采用这种方法得到的截获概率合理,对提高雷达生存能力有一定参考意义. 相似文献
885.
分析了战时装备调配保障决策的特点,运用模糊聚类分析法对装备调配保障对象进行了分组和优先级排序,以此为基础,运用目标规划法构建了战时装备调配保障决策模型,最后,通过实例验证了模型的可行性和有效性. 相似文献
886.
高炮系统火力单元弹药消耗模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
摘要:高炮群是我军要地防空工作中的重要环节,其弹药预测结果的精准程度将直接影响到弹药保障工作的顺利进行.针对弹药的消耗问题,进行了针对具体作战任务的高炮系统火力单元弹药消耗模型研究,从问题分析、建立数学模型、仿真求解模型以及结果分析四个方面分析了高炮系统火力单元弹药消耗情况.仿真结果表明,该方法具有较高的建模精度,从而验证了方法的有效性. 相似文献
887.
摘要:针对单小批量武器装备保障的特殊需求,对传统的质量屋模型进行了改进,建立了基于装备保障需求与保障规则的质量屋模型,利用整数规划技术进行求解,使得单小批量武器的装备保障规则按照实际保障需求重新排列优先次序,并通过对某型火炮保障方案的筛选验证了模型的正确性.新的质量屋模型发展完善了质量屋的理论与方法,有助于提高单小批量武器的装备保障能力. 相似文献
888.
Chiara Ruffa 《Defense & Security Analysis》2013,29(2):128-140
Why does peacekeeping sometimes fail? How can effective peacekeepers increase the likelihood of success of a mission? The two main flaws in the current evaluations of peace operations are that they mainly rely on already concluded missions and that they make use of indicators that do not reveal micro-level dynamics. This article introduces an analytical framework relating the effectiveness of soldiers to their actual impact in their area of operation in a peace operation. The framework is called “unit peace operation effectiveness” (UPOE). Focusing on soldiers in peace operations, this article shows that: different units behave differently; emphasize different aspects of the mandate; and are effective in different ways. Ultimately, this has an actual impact on the end-state of the mission. It relies on and adapts classic security studies works to theoretically enrich the peacekeeping literature. The model is tested in an illustrative case study based on ethnographic work on French and Italian units in Afghanistan between 2008 and 2010. 相似文献
889.
890.