The structural origins of social cohesion: the dynamics of micro-solidarity in 1991–1995 Wars of Yugoslav Succession

This article explores the dynamics of social cohesion on the frontline. It attempts to show how micro-level solidarities largely depend on macro level organisational processes. I argue that frontline social cohesion is often the product of social development linked with the organisational structure. This general argument is applied to the case studies of two armed forces involved in the 1991–1995 Wars of Yugoslav Succession – the Croatian Army (HV) and the Bosnian Serb Army (VRS). Drawing on in-depth interviews with the former combatants I show how HV social cohesion played an important role in winning the war and how these networks of micro-level solidarity were shaped by long term organisational development.     

小口径高炮非曳光榴弹弹道特性及应用

根据弹道理论分析,得出了小口径高炮非曳光榴弹在有效射距离内具有动力平衡角小、不同射角阻力系数基本相同,无显著性差异等弹道特性。指出了此特性在小口径高炮非曳光榴弹射表编拟中的应用。     

基于复合等效可信度加权的Bayes融合评估方法

在小子样试验评估时,为避免大量先验信息湮没实际飞行试验的信息,融合先验补充样本时通常会进行数学相容性检验并加权.首先分析了小子样情形下直接根据数据计算数学相容性可能造成的不稳定性,为改善这种情况,根据不同试验类型的不同试验环境,对不同试验类型下的误差进行分析和折合,定义了物理等效可信度;并结合物理等效可信度和数学相容性检验,得到先验样本的复合等效可信度权重,基于正态逆伽玛分布计算了Bayes融合评估的后验结果;通过比较Bayes估计后验方差与不磁合先验信息的估计后验方差,根据先验信息参与融合后是否能减小后验方差来判断先验样本是否应该参与融合.理论分析和仿真说明,基于复合等效可信度的加权方法是合理的.     

一种估计来波信号极化状态的新方法

干扰场的极化估计是自适应极化滤波器首要的也是最为关键的一步,极化估计器的精度直接制约极化滤波器的滤波效果.基于单极化雷达接收天线的空域极化特性,提出了一种来波信号极化状态的估计方法.首先介绍了算法的估计原理,并对算法性能进行理论分析,在此基础上,进行相应的计算机仿真实验,探讨了影响估计性能的主要因素及提高算法性能的主要途径.理论推导和计算机仿真结果均证明了估计算法的有效性.     

火控雷达的阵面设计技术

在火控雷达的阵面设计中子阵划分是提高雷达性能的有效手段。对阵面进行建模,得出了使用非规则子阵对天线阵面的精确划分方法。通过仿真给出了典型的阵面划分实例,并分析了阵列在宽带条件下的方向图性能,证明了所设计的阵面在抑制栅瓣方面具有优良的性质,能够提高火控雷达的性能。     

农村小企业消防安全现状及对策研究

20世纪80年代兴起的农村工业小企业,为改革开放初期的经济发展发挥了显著作用,但由于在经济建设及发展过程中缺乏科学有效规划和消防安全管理,遗留了诸多火灾隐患。以福州市仓山区为例,深入分析了农村工业小企业存在的火灾隐患问题,并从火灾隐患的消防技术整改和强化消防管理两个方面提出具体对策。     

小型旋翼无人机在未来城市军事行动应用中潜力评估

随着全球范围的城市化进程不断推进,未来军事斗争向城市环境中发展是必然趋势。在城市作战需求分析的基础上,剖析了传统装备的"城市病",阐述了小型旋翼无人机在城市军事行动中的应用潜能。研究表明,针对现有装备在城市作战中显示出的若干短板,发展基于小型旋翼无人机打造侦察平台与精确打击平台将是一个较好的解决方案。而运用军民融合的发展模式挖掘小型旋翼无人机军用潜力,在提升军队作战能力,降低成本均具有积极意义。     

舰炮对海上集群小目标射击的毁伤概率

海上集群小目标是水面舰艇面临的主要威胁之一。以单管大口径舰炮对海上集群小目标射击作为研究对象,对集群目标进行了等效处理,分析了弹种、引信和装药的选择以及效力射中的表尺分配问题,提出多表尺效力射方法,利用该方法对海上集群小目标射击的毁伤概率进行了分析。结果表明,采用该方法并使用空炸榴弹或杀伤爆破弹,可有效破坏敌运输工具,杀伤其有生力量。     

Landmines and Conservation in Southern Africa: Peace Parks in the Aftermath of Armed Conflict

Peace parks are a modern means of conflict resolution through nature conservation. The Great Limpopo Peace Park (GLPP), which spans South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, was established to bring new hope to an area that is infamous for racial and political divisions, civil war and widespread poverty. This paper discusses the impact of international laws governing landmines, the current priority choices of the countries involved, and the situation in the two mine-affected countries: Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Minefields and politics are interrelated, and have an impact at local, national and international level. Using the GLPP as a case study, the article argues that although they have been presented as excellent examples of integrated biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development in developing countries, peace parks will not fulfil their main objective of promoting an image of peace in the aftermath of conflict without addressing landmine contamination.     

Callwell versus Graziani: how the British Army applied ‘small wars’ techniques in major operations in Africa and the Middle East, 1940–41

The period from December 1940 through to the spring of 1941 saw the British Army win a series of rapid and decisive victories over Italian and Vichy French forces in North and East Africa and the Middle East. A key feature of these operations was the extensive British use of fast-moving all-arms mobile formations utilising superior speed and mobility to out-manoeuvre considerably larger Italian formations. A number of reasons have been given for the British Army adopting this mode of warfare, but the paper contends that the best explanation is that they were an organic evolution from methods used by the British Army in ‘small wars’ throughout the early twentieth century, use of mobile ‘frontier columns’ at the operational and tactical level of war being described and recommended by Callwell himself and visible with the Army in practice in operations in India and the Middle East in particular. The inter-war period saw the combination of this model of warfare with post-First World War military technology, notably tanks, close air support and coordination by wireless. Colonial operations in this period also saw some utilisation of what would later be identified as ‘Special Forces’ – also used extensively in the Desert War – the most obvious example being Captain Orde Wingate's Special Night Squads in Palestine in 1938.