基于采样卡尔曼滤波的水下被动目标跟踪

针对水下被动目标跟踪问题中,采用直角坐标系容易出现滤波发散,而修正极坐标系下过程模型强非线性的问题,研究了一种修正极坐标系下的采样卡尔曼滤波算法.采样卡尔曼滤波比传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波更好地逼近状态方程和测量方程的非线性特性,给出更精确的均值和协方差的估计,并且适用于过程噪声与状态估计非线性耦合的情况.在修正极坐标系下,采用3种滤波方法求解被动目标跟踪问题,仿真结果表明,采样卡尔曼滤波的滤波精度优于传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波方法和自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波方法.     

钛酸酯偶联剂在铜-环氧屏蔽导电涂料中的用量研究

应用化学键理论,在前人提出的理论模型基础上,考察了一种复合单烷氧型钛酸酯偶联剂在铜-环氧屏蔽导电涂料中的最佳用量问题,结果表明理论值和试验值有很大差别,并对此进行了分析。     

应用统计能量分析法预测板材隔声量

应用统计能量分析法SEA(Statistical Energy Analysis)预测板隔声量,先建立板材的SEA模型,将板材的隔声量预测转变成求解声振动功率的线性代数方程组,对方程组的变量(SEA参数)值进行确定,得出板材的隔声量,再根据混响室法测量板材实际隔声量。将预测结果与实验结果进行对比分析,证明统计能量分析法能有效的预测板材隔声量。     

基于变型设计理论的系列产品平台设计方法研究

应用变型设计理论和方法,对系列产品平台设计方法进行研究,探索覆盖整个产品功能要求的系列产品平台设计方法(Platform Design for Variety简称PDFV)。提出采用量化计算的产品变型指标和关联指标作为外因和内因引起系列产品更新设计的指导工具,获取产品变化的趋势,研究部件所受到的外界因素的影响,用关联指标作为部件之间关联程度的批示器,使开发出的系列产品平台具有柔性,以确保平台以最低的成本派生新产品,为快速实现系列产品的变型设计和配置设计提供科学方法。产品变型指标和关联指标工具的组合完善了PDFV方法。以油料装备系列产品油罐车为实例,论述了产品变型指标和关联指标构建的步骤。阐明基于变型设计理论的系列产品平台的研究,对实现快速设计、降低产品开发成本具有重要意义。     

Mg／KNO3药剂的燃烧与辐射性能研究

通过实验确定了镁/硝酸钾药剂的配比对燃烧速度、近红外辐射强度和可见光强度的影响.经过试验发现当镁与硝酸钾的配比为50∶50时,近红外辐射和可见光强度最大.随着药剂中镁含量的提高,燃烧速度迅速增加.利用最小自由能原理对镁/硝酸钾药剂燃烧反应的温度以及主要反应产物进行了计算,理论计算结果与实验结果基本相符.     

动态滑翔动力学建模与风梯度能量获取

为简化问题描述和便于数学操作,对无动力飞机的动态滑翔问题做了假设,并在这些假设下建立了无动力飞机动态滑翔的动力学模型,即三维速度空间中只有一个输入变量的常微分方程组。之后,从理论上得到了这个三维速度空间中机械能可以增加的最大范围,即能增纺锤体内部,并推导出最大的机械能增加率。得出更大的风梯度、更小的阻力系数和更小的面质比更加有利于飞机获取能量的结论,该结论加深了对动态滑翔能量观点的认识,对实践有指导意义。     

拉伸-剪切耦合层合板优化设计及其应用

针对标准铺层拉伸-剪切耦合层合板耦合效应弱的缺点,提出利用优化法的自由铺层拉伸-剪切耦合层合板的设计方法。推导了只具有拉伸-剪切耦合效应的层合板应满足的条件。优化得到了7~14层的自由铺层拉伸-剪切耦合对称层合板。对比分析了自由与标准铺层拉伸-剪切耦合层合板的屈曲强度与稳定性。采用自由铺层拉伸-剪切耦合层合板设计了拉伸-扭转耦合结构。研究表明:自由铺层的拉伸-剪切耦合层合板的屈曲强度以及稳定性要显著弱于标准铺层层合板,但具有更强的耦合效应;随着层数的增加,自由铺层的拉伸-剪切耦合层合板的最大耦合效应逐渐减小。     

多弯头管道磁致伸缩导波无损检测技术

为了研究超声导波在弯管中的传播特性及检测可行性,使用磁致伸缩导波仪器及传感器对多弯头管道进行了检测实验,并对弯管中导波的传播速度、模态转换、能量衰减等现象进行了探讨。结果表明:当弯管弯曲程度较小时,弯管中导波传播速度与直管中近似;弯管中导波存在明显的模态转换现象;弯管中导波能量随着时间近似呈指数形式衰减,且衰减规律与激励频率存在密切联系。该研究结果可以为复杂结构弯曲管道的导波检测提供参考。     

Kevlar fabric reinforced polybenzoxazine composites filled with silane treated microcrystalline cellulose in the interlayers: The next generation of multi-layered armor panels

The design of astonishing combinations of benzoxazine resins with various fillers is nowadays of great interest for high quality products, especially in ballistic armors. The objective of this study is to investigate a new hybrid material prepared as multi-layered composite plate by hand lay-up technique. Different composites were manufactured from Kevlar fabrics reinforced polybenzoxazine, which was filled with silane treated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC Si) at various amounts in the interlayers. The developed materials were tested for their flexural, dynamic mechanical and ballistic performance. The aim was to highlight the effect of adding different amounts of MCC Si on the behavior of the different plates. Compared to the baseline, the dynamic mechanical and bending tests revealed an obvious decrease of the glass transition of 21 °C and a notable increase in storage modulus and flexural strength of about 180 %and17%, respectively, upon adding 1% MMC Si as filler. Similarly, the ballistic test exhibited an enhancement in kinetic energy absorption for which the composite supplemented with 1% MCC Si had the maximal energy absorption of 166.60 J. These results indicated that the developed panels, with interesting mechanical and ballistic features, are suitable to be employed as raw materials to produce body armor.     

Microcrack- and microvoid-related impact damage and ignition responses for HMX-based polymer-bonded explosives at high temperature

Investigating the damage and ignition behaviors of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) under a coupled impact and high-temperature loading condition is required for the safe use of charged PBXs. An improved combined microcrack and microvoid model (CMM) was developed for better describing the thermal effects of deformation, damage, and ignition responses of PBXs. The main features of the model under typical dynamic loadings (i.e. uniaxial tension and compression, and lateral confinement) at different initial temperature were first studied. And then the effects of temperature on impact-shear sensitivity of HMX-based PBXs were investigated. The results showed that the ignition threshold velocity of shear-crack hotspots exhibits an increase from 260 to 270 to 315–325 m/s when initial temperature increases from 301 to 348 K; and then the threshold velocity decreases to 290–300 m/s with the initial temperature continually increasing to 378 K. The predicted ignition threshold velocity level of the explosives under coupled impact and high temperature loading conditions were consistent with the experimental data.