基于装备水平和知识的空中作战效果分析

分析了按作战效果进行空军武器装备需求分析的三种常用方法的特点,建立了一种全自动化解算模型,比较完整地讨论并描述了根据装备水平分析作战效果时需要考虑的关键因素,总结了需要使用的相关军事知识,并给出了表达方法,研究了推理机制.构建了各种战斗类型的效果评估模块,实现了软件系统并应用于一个重要课题研究,取得了比较理想的效果.     

利用动态综合作战能力指数筹划海战兵力需求

针对目前海军作战兵力需求问题,建立了海军作战的物理模型,并提出了用动态综合作战能力指数筹划海战兵力需求的数学模型和算法,采用战例统计法和专家打分法计算出战斗力系数.并且以航空兵空中争夺为例进行了因素分析、参数选取、效能计算并得出了明确结论.计算结果表明,采用动态综合作战能力指数作为海战兵力需求指标是可行的;信息作战能力在现代海战中具有极其重要的作用.     

Study on performance degradation and failure analysis of machine gun barrel

An increase in the use of the gun barrel will cause wear of the inner wall, which reduces the muzzle velocity and the spin rate of the projectile. The off-bore flight attitude and trajectory of the projectile also change, affecting the shooting power and the accuracy. Exterior ballistic data of a high-speed spinning projectile are required to study the performance change. Therefore, based on the barrel's accelerated life test, the whole process of projectile shooting is reproduced using numerical simulation technology, and key information on the ballistic performance change at each shooting stage are acquired. Studies have shown that in the later stages of barrel shooting, the accuracy of shooting has not decreased significantly. However, it is found that the angle of attack of the projectile increases as the wear of the barrel increases. The maximum angle of attack reaches 0.106 rad when the number of shots reaches 4300. Meanwhile, elliptical bullet hole has appeared on the target at this shooting stage. Through combining external ballistic theory with simulation results, the primary reason of this phenomenon is found to be a significant decrease in the muzzle spin rate of the projectile. At the end of the barrel life, the projectile muzzle spin rate is 57.5% lower than that of a barrel without wear.     

Avoiding self-inflicted wounds to the credibility of the US nuclear deterrent

Nuclear deterrence requires not only the reliability of a state’s strategic weapons and the willingness of its leaders to employ them but also an adversary’s appreciation of these conditions. Weapons perceived as failing to hold their targets at risk may lack deterrent value, just as retaliatory threats that are not believable may fail to deter, even if a state’s operational capabilities are robust. Both the technical and political credibility of the US nuclear deterrent may have suffered self-inflicted harm since the end of the Cold War, often as casualties of intemperate policy debates. In particular, doubts have been sowed about the reliability of aging US warheads under a science-based stockpile-stewardship regime meant to substitute for nuclear-explosive testing. Likewise, the credibility of US deterrent threats may have waned as American leaders have spoken ever more stridently about the horrors of nuclear war and nuclear terrorism, underscoring their extreme aversion to the risk of nuclear attack. Diminished credibility in both spheres threatens to compromise US national-security objectives ranging from nuclear nonproliferation to the outcomes of nuclear crises.     

Some new results on the preservation of the NBUE and NWUE aging classes under the formation of coherent systems

We consider the classical problem of whether certain classes of lifetime distributions are preserved under the formation of coherent systems. Under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes, we consider the NBUE (new better than used in expectation) and NWUE (new worse than used in expectation) classes. First, a necessary condition for a coherent system to preserve the NBUE class is given. Sufficient conditions are then obtained for systems satisfying this necessary condition. The sufficient conditions are satisfied for a collection of systems which includes all parallel systems, but the collection is shown to be strictly larger. We also prove that no coherent system preserves the NWUE class. As byproducts of our study, we obtain the following results for the case of i.i.d. component lifetimes: (a) the DFR (decreasing failure rate) class is preserved by no coherent systems other than series systems, and (b) the IMRL (increasing mean residual life) class is not preserved by any coherent systems. Generalizations to the case of dependent component lifetimes are briefly discussed.     

Stage life testing

In progressive censoring, items are removed at certain times during the life test. Commonly, it is assumed that the removed items are used for further testing. In order to take into account information about these additional testing in inferential procedures, we propose a two‐step model of stage life testing with one fixed stage‐change time which incorporates information about both the removed items (further tested under different conditions) and those remaining in the current life test. We show that some marginal distributions in our model correspond either to progressive censoring with a fixed censoring time or to a simple‐step stress model. Furthermore, assuming a cumulative exposure model, we establish exact inferential results for the distribution parameters when the lifetimes are exponentially distributed. An extension to Weibull distributed lifetimes is also discussed.     

结合峰值检测的高噪声图像快速聚类分割方法

针对高噪声污染图像,提出一种结合峰值检测算法的快速聚类分割方法(FC-ImSeg)。根据平行线投影分割算法将二维直方图映射到一维空间,利用峰值检测算法检测图像像素点的聚类结果,调整映射模型的平行线宽度,使直方图符合双峰分布特性,最后利用加权模糊c均值聚类算法实现图像的分割。实验结果证明了该方法是快速有效的。     

从规训教育到生命教育

生命教育是以学生生命过程和价值为本的教育理念,这种教育理念认为：教育的主题是艺术地生活、教育的目的是培育活跃的思维、教育的过程就是生活探险的过程。我们迫切需要转变目前的规训教育模式,将教育回归到人之中,从学生主体内在生成过程的视角去理解教育过程,努力寻求和建立一种追求生命价值的教育模式。     

陶渊明对生命意识的自然解读

陶渊明所处的魏晋时期是人的生命意识和生命情绪全面觉醒的时期,生命成为人们关注的对象,从陶渊明的生命价值、生命真谛和生命信仰来探讨他的自然观,进而表现陶渊明对生命意识的独特解读。     

汽车工业绿色再制造的开发与应用

绿色再制造工程是一种适应生态及经济需要的再循环形式,再制造业是一个新兴的产业。旧汽车的超期服役和处理将会给社会和环境带来巨大危害,推行汽车的绿色再制造工程是解决废旧汽车引发社会公害问题的重要途径,其相当部分的废旧零部件经再制造后可以重新使用,再制造产品的性能等同或优于新品:而另一些废的零部件则以材料的形式综合回收利用。汽车的绿色再制造工程对于节约资源和保护环境,推动社会、经济、环境的协调发展具有十分重要而又长远的现实意义。