A critical look at the U.S. deceased‐donor organ procurement and utilization system

The U.S. system for procuring and utilizing deceased‐donor organs for transplantation has been studied and written about in many articles. The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactions between the elements that comprise this system, and point out improvement opportunities that may be affected through operations research/management techniques. The authors demonstrate the need for developing data‐driven and analytic tools. In fact, data is used to generate hypotheses and support claims throughout the paper. The paper also points out the need to fully leverage data that is available to researchers, and to seek data that is currently not deposited in a centralized archive.     

新疆高校少数民族人才培养模式创新研究——以新疆财经大学为例

新疆各高校是本土少数民族人才培养的主要力量,如何构建新形势下少数民族人才培养模式是新疆各高校一直探索和研究的问题。为此对新疆财经大学近二十年少数民族教学改革历程进行梳理,以"民汉一体化"教育教学改革中出现的问题进行深层次剖析,从高校实际出发,在高校办学模式、人才培养模式及教学模式等方面探讨少数民族教育教学改革的思路。     

武器装备伪装的军事经济效益分析

假目标设置是装备伪装的基本内容之一。高技术战争中要求设置多倍假目标以提高战场生存概率,如何在考虑军事经济效益的前提下设置假目标数量是一个难题。基于装备的隐真和示假生存概率,建立了伪装的效费比数学模型,通过对效费比模型的分析对如何科学、合理地设置假目标数量提出了建议。     

Dealing with the fast-changing environment in the eastern DRC

This paper is a study of the phenomenon of trans-border ethnic relations and its impact on national integration and citizenship in the countries of West and Central Africa where trans-border ethnic groups exist. Despite the existence of many such groups in these regions, and the numerous problems associated with the continued relations among these groups across their countries of abode, the phenomenon has not been seriously studied, especially as it concerns the identification of members of such groups and how they are viewed by members of other ethnic groups, as citizens of one country or the other. This paper notes that trans-border ethnic solidarity ordinarily presents the relevant African states with two possibilities, namely: enormous benefits accruing from regional integration and cooperation among states harbouring fractions of trans-border ethnic groups; or, debilitating conflicts within and between these states. It is the reality of the latter possibility that this paper examines. The states and the international system are often incapable of containing this phenomenon of trans-border ethnic solidarity and usually respond in hostile ways, ultimately manifesting in citizenship problems. The study shows, however, that what is needed is not conflict but cooperation – within and between states having fractions of a trans-border ethnic group, and within the international system, for the enhancement of national citizenship and development in West and Central Africa.     

The ties that bind

Analysis of the failures of African security forces generally focuses on structural issues such as corruption of senior leadership, insufficient equipment and training, and coup d’état fears driving mistrust of armies that are too strong or effective. However, less examined is the role that sub-state identity plays; using Libya, South Sudan, and Mali as case studies, this paper examines how ethnicity inhibits the development of national armies, divides them, and exposes a critical flaw that adversaries are able to exploit. Given the increasingly ethnic nature of conflict throughout the world, and the rising threat that ethnic conflicts in Africa pose to regional and Western partners, it may be prudent for researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders to examine the critical role that sub-state identity plays in undermining African security forces.     

装甲装备维修效益评估初探

装甲装备使用阶段的维修效益评估对于有效管理装备维修活动,提高维修质量,降低维修费用具有很强的现实意义。文章建立了一套装甲装备维修效益评价指标体系,基于多级模糊综合评价法构建了评估模型,并运用该模型对某坦克大修厂某中型坦克的维修效益进行了评估。文章认为多级模糊综合评价法能较好地解决装甲装备维修效益的量化评估问题,在实际工作中可灵活运用该方法,不断提高维修管理水平。     

基于装备多寿命周期理论的发动机再制造工程及其效益分析

为了延长装备的回用时间,减少装备对环境的影响及充分利用资源,介绍了基于装备多寿命周期理论的发动机再制造工程,对发动机再制造的内涵、工艺流程、经济社会效益进行了分析。以年再制造1万台重型车辆斯太尔发动机为例进行了效益分析,结果表明可以节省金属材料7.65 kt,回收附加值3.23亿元,提供就业500人,并可节电1.45×108kWh,减少CO2排放0.6 kt,说明发展再制造工程对延长装备寿命周期、节能、节材、环保等方面具有重要意义。     

Group Concentration and Violence: Does Ethnic Segregation Affect Domestic Terrorism?

This paper examines the link between ethnic segregation and domestic terrorism. The results show that ethnic segregation has a positive and significant effect on the incidence of domestic terrorism, which indicates that countries where ethnic groups are spatially concentrated face a higher risk of suffering this type of violence. This finding is not affected by the inclusion in the analysis of different covariates that may affect both ethnic segregation and domestic terrorism. The observed relationship between the degree of spatial concentration of ethnic groups and domestic terrorism is confirmed by various robustness tests. The results also suggest that the threat of secession is an important transmission channel linking ethnic segregation and domestic terrorism.     

城镇化对察布查尔县锡伯族语言发展的影响研究

随着经济发展和社会进步,城镇化也带来了一系列的问题,城镇化进程中的语言问题应当引起高度重视。本文在城镇化背景下,选取新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县的3个城镇区域为样本(爱新舍里镇、察布查尔镇、种羊场),调查城镇化给不同区域的锡伯族人的语言使用所带来的影响。通过数据分析,我们认为城镇化将扩大国家通用语的使用范围,增加国家通用语和锡伯语语言接触的深度,将进一步改变锡伯族的语言观念,城镇化的发展将增加锡伯族语言转用人群。最后提出城镇化与察布查尔县锡伯族语言和谐发展的对策,解决语言生活中的实际问题。     

民族地区中小学民汉双语教师教学效能感特点的调查研究

为全面了解民族地区中小学民汉双语教师教学效能感的个人项特点,本研究以新疆某县从事民汉双语教学的中小学教师为研究对象,在问卷调查的基础上,对可能影响民汉双语教师教学效能感的个人项因素进行了差异性分析。研究结果表明：教师性别因素、所授科目因素、教学模式因素对双语教师教学效能感有不同的影响;女教师的教学效能感要高于男教师;从事文科科目教学的教师教学效能感要高于理科教师;采用模式～教学的教师教学效能感最高,模式二教师次之,模式三教师最低;其它个人项因素对教学效能感不存在显著的影响。