单一来源同类装备价格形成机制存在的问题及对策

近年来,随着国防和军队全面深化改革的深入推进和装备建设的快速发展,装备价格管理工作的重要性不断提升,但军队目前承担的装备审价任务日趋繁重,存量不减、增量日增等新情况和新问题给装备价格管理工作带来了新挑战。本文以单一来源同类装备为研究对象,借鉴《军品定价议价规则(试行)》中竞争议价和征询议价不审价的原理,从单一来源同类装备价格的形成主体、装备审价任务量、装备价格的测算方法、装备价格的形成过程以及装备价格的影响因素等五个方面分析了价格形成机制存在的问题,并从主观因素和客观因素两方面探讨了存在问题的原因,提出应在明确价格形成主体的职能权限、科学确定价格的测算方法、完善价格法律法规、建设价格数据平台、加强价格人才队伍建设等方向优化单一来源同类装备价格形成机制的对策建议。     

民族地区中小学民汉双语教师教学效能感特点的调查研究

为全面了解民族地区中小学民汉双语教师教学效能感的个人项特点,本研究以新疆某县从事民汉双语教学的中小学教师为研究对象,在问卷调查的基础上,对可能影响民汉双语教师教学效能感的个人项因素进行了差异性分析。研究结果表明：教师性别因素、所授科目因素、教学模式因素对双语教师教学效能感有不同的影响;女教师的教学效能感要高于男教师;从事文科科目教学的教师教学效能感要高于理科教师;采用模式～教学的教师教学效能感最高,模式二教师次之,模式三教师最低;其它个人项因素对教学效能感不存在显著的影响。     

Dealing with the fast-changing environment in the eastern DRC

This paper is a study of the phenomenon of trans-border ethnic relations and its impact on national integration and citizenship in the countries of West and Central Africa where trans-border ethnic groups exist. Despite the existence of many such groups in these regions, and the numerous problems associated with the continued relations among these groups across their countries of abode, the phenomenon has not been seriously studied, especially as it concerns the identification of members of such groups and how they are viewed by members of other ethnic groups, as citizens of one country or the other. This paper notes that trans-border ethnic solidarity ordinarily presents the relevant African states with two possibilities, namely: enormous benefits accruing from regional integration and cooperation among states harbouring fractions of trans-border ethnic groups; or, debilitating conflicts within and between these states. It is the reality of the latter possibility that this paper examines. The states and the international system are often incapable of containing this phenomenon of trans-border ethnic solidarity and usually respond in hostile ways, ultimately manifesting in citizenship problems. The study shows, however, that what is needed is not conflict but cooperation – within and between states having fractions of a trans-border ethnic group, and within the international system, for the enhancement of national citizenship and development in West and Central Africa.     

The ties that bind

Analysis of the failures of African security forces generally focuses on structural issues such as corruption of senior leadership, insufficient equipment and training, and coup d’état fears driving mistrust of armies that are too strong or effective. However, less examined is the role that sub-state identity plays; using Libya, South Sudan, and Mali as case studies, this paper examines how ethnicity inhibits the development of national armies, divides them, and exposes a critical flaw that adversaries are able to exploit. Given the increasingly ethnic nature of conflict throughout the world, and the rising threat that ethnic conflicts in Africa pose to regional and Western partners, it may be prudent for researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders to examine the critical role that sub-state identity plays in undermining African security forces.     

新疆高校少数民族人才培养模式创新研究——以新疆财经大学为例

新疆各高校是本土少数民族人才培养的主要力量,如何构建新形势下少数民族人才培养模式是新疆各高校一直探索和研究的问题。为此对新疆财经大学近二十年少数民族教学改革历程进行梳理,以"民汉一体化"教育教学改革中出现的问题进行深层次剖析,从高校实际出发,在高校办学模式、人才培养模式及教学模式等方面探讨少数民族教育教学改革的思路。     

社会工作视阈下少数民族大学生思想政治教育的思考

少数民族大学生既具有一般大学生的时代特征,又包含民族特色,思想政治教育工作需要进一步创新和完善机制予以应对。作为一种专业的助人服务活动,社会工作的价值观和方法可以融入到少数民族大学生思想政治教育工作中,使其更加凸显人文关怀,切实提高工作的针对性、主动性和实效性,在教育的理念、对象、内容、方式方法和环境等方面获得一定的创新。     

新疆中小学师资队伍结构现状及其应对思考

本文从教师的数量、学历、职称、性别、学科、民族等方面对新疆目前中小学教师队伍的结构现状进行了分析,结果发现:新疆目前中小学教师队伍供需存在矛盾,乡村高学历教师严重匮乏,教师职称结构有待进一步优化,男女教师比例严重失调,农村教师学科结构失衡,双语教师严重不足。因此,有关部门应该采取有效措施,科学合理地配置教师资源,积极稳步地推进新疆中小学教师队伍的调整与改革。     

高校思想政治理论课程管理初探

高校思想政治理论课程管理具有丰富的内涵和广阔的外延,是高校思想政治理论课程建设中一个最基本、最核心的话题,也是一个崭新的研究领域。当前高校思想政治理论课程管理存在管理理论缺乏、发展缓慢,管理结构分化、目标偏离,管理力量薄弱、意识淡薄,管理手段单一、效率低下等弊端。因此,高校思想政治理论课程管理变革是一个复杂的系统工程,变革的内容包括：重点加强课程管理方法论研究,构建共享、整合型课程领导体制,优化课程管理队伍素质结构,构建多元、综合的课程管理手段体系。     

进城农民工子女教育问题探析

当前,随着进城务工农民数量的不断增加,跟随其进城的子女也越来越多。农民在自己进城落脚的同时,却无力解决孩子进城就读将要面临的诸多现实问题,结果造成部分进城儿童无法得到足够和平等的教育机会,只能进入农民工子弟学校就学。总体来说,由于受教育体制、观念、教育经费等多种因素的制约,进城农民工子女的教育问题已成为一项重大社会问题。本文通过对进城农民工子女教育现状的描述找出问题,并对这些问题产生的原因以及解决的对策进行了初步探讨。     

Quadratic bottleneck problems

We study the quadratic bottleneck problem (QBP) which generalizes several well‐studied optimization problems. A weak duality theorem is introduced along with a general purpose algorithm to solve QBP. An example is given which illustrates duality gap in the weak duality theorem. It is shown that the special case of QBP where feasible solutions are subsets of a finite set having the same cardinality is NP‐hard. Likewise the quadratic bottleneck spanning tree problem (QBST) is shown to be NP‐hard on a bipartite graph even if the cost function takes 0–1 values only. Two lower bounds for QBST are derived and compared. Efficient heuristic algorithms are presented for QBST along with computational results. When the cost function is decomposable, we show that QBP is solvable in polynomial time whenever an associated linear bottleneck problem can be solved in polynomial time. As a consequence, QBP with feasible solutions form spanning trees, s‐t paths, matchings, etc., of a graph are solvable in polynomial time with a decomposable cost function. We also show that QBP can be formulated as a quadratic minsum problem and establish some asymptotic results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011