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Sebastian Kaempf 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2013,24(3):388-413
This article examines the ways in which the two normative concerns of casualty-aversion and civilian protection influenced US military strategy in the particular context of the asymmetric conflict in Somalia in the early 1990s. The article critically evaluates US military operations through the prism of international humanitarian law and examines whether American forces started prioritizing casualty-aversion over the safeguarding of Somali civilians. Finally, by drawing on emerging moral guidelines (such as Michael Walzer's idea of ‘due care’), the article examines whether lower numbers of Somali civilian deaths could have been achieved if marginal increases to the risks faced by US soldiers had been accepted. 相似文献
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Jorge E. Delgado 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2013,24(3):408-428
Since 2002 the Colombian government has been implementing a series of policy initiatives that have sought to coordinate state resources in a neo-classical counterinsurgency approach to fight the country's main insurgent group, the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), and recover and consolidate the territory. Despite impressive operational successes against the insurgency and other illegal groups, the government has been unable to reassert its control and build legitimacy via the state-building effort known as ‘Consolidación’, in some of the most recalcitrant areas of the country. This article examines two areas where government efforts at consolidation appear to be failing to discuss the limits of COIN theory and practice. 相似文献
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第二语言习得理论对新疆汉语教学有着重要启示。从输入假设和情感过滤假设出发具体讲述了克拉申理论对于新疆汉语有效教学的意义。通过对一线课堂的了解,进一步从理想的输入、要有足够的输入量、学生学习的动力、情感状态对于学生学习双语的重要性等方面反映出习得理论对于双语教学的意义。 相似文献
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谢红梅 《兵团教育学院学报》2013,(1):39-43
数学课程是实施数学文化教育的主渠道和主阵地,是学生触摸、体悟数学本质,感受、体验数学内在文化气息的畅享地。本文重点从课程导言、核心概念、符号语言及命题、定理、法则教学等方面来探讨数学文化在《初等数论》课程教学中的渗透和实施。 相似文献
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目前,国内复变函数教学普遍存往一些问题:缺乏适合课堂放学的优秀教材,教学手段落后单一.没有结合复变函数课程的特点,考核方式不够合理等突出问题。为适应索质教育釉社会发展的要求,培养学生的应用能力和创新能力,必须调整优化教学内容和体系;并结合复变函数课程自身过于抽象的特点改革教学模式,在复变函数的教学中穿插理论的来源背景及其在各学科中的简举应厢;制定合理的考核形式。 相似文献
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A rule that constrains decision‐makers is enforced by an inspector who is supplied with a fixed level of inspection resources—inspection personnel, equipment, or time. How should the inspector distribute its inspection resources over several independent inspectees? What minimum level of resources is required to deter all violations? Optimal enforcement problems occur in many contexts; the motivating application for this study is the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency in support of the Treaty on the Non‐Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Using game‐theoretic models, the resource level adequate for deterrence is characterized in a two‐inspectee problem with inspections that are imperfect in the sense that violations can be missed. Detection functions, or probabilities of detecting a violation, are assumed to be increasing in inspection resources, permitting optimal allocations over inspectees to be described both in general and in special cases. When detection functions are convex, inspection effort should be concentrated on one inspectee chosen at random, but when they are concave it should be spread deterministicly over the inspectees. Our analysis provides guidance for the design of arms‐control verification operations, and implies that a priori constraints on the distribution of inspection effort can result in significant inefficiencies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004. 相似文献
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