马克思主义需要理论及对大学生思想政治教育的启示

思想政治教育是研究人（思想及行为）的科学,而需要乃人之本性,是人的一切思想及行为的原始动因,所以,思想政治教育必须把人的需要作为研究的逻辑起点。马克思主义作为思想政治教育的理论基础,其关于人的需要的理论成为思想政治教育的理论依据。本文拟把马克思主义关于人的需要理论与大学生的现实需要的特点相结合,以期对提高大学生思想政治教育的针对性、主动性和实效性有所启示。     

微分对策及其在军事领域的研究进展*

介绍了微分对策的产生背景及其半个多世纪以来的发展历程,简述了国内外微分对策理论发展的几个重要阶段及其标志性成果。全面地阐述了国内外关于微分对策在军事领域的应用研究状况,特别是美、俄等军事强国在微分对策军事应用研究方面的现状以及我国研究人员在该领域的主要研究成果。还进一步论述了微分对策在军事应用研究方面存在的问题,并对微分对策的发展前景做出了展望,指出了微分对策在军事应用领域中的研究热点、难点和主要发展方向。     

Nash bargaining over allocations in inventory pooling contracts

When facing uncertain demand, several firms may consider pooling their inventories leading to the emergence of two key contractual issues. How much should each produce or purchase for inventory purposes? How should inventory be allocated when shortages occur to some of the firms? Previously, if the allocations issue was considered, it was undertaken through evaluation of the consequences of an arbitrary priority scheme. We consider both these issues within a Nash bargaining solution (NBS) cooperative framework. The firms may not be risk neutral, hence a nontransferable utility bargaining game is defined. Thus the physical pooling mechanism itself must benefit the firms, even without any monetary transfers. The firms may be asymmetric in the sense of having different unit production costs and unit revenues. Our assumption with respect to shortage allocation is that a firm not suffering from a shortfall, will not be affected by any of the other firms' shortages. For two risk neutral firms, the NBS is shown to award priority on all inventory produced to the firm with higher ratio of unit revenue to unit production cost. Nevertheless, the arrangement is also beneficial for the other firm contributing to the total production. We provide examples of Uniform and Bernoulli demand distributions, for which the problem can be solved analytically. For firms with constant absolute risk aversion, the agreement may not award priority to any firm. Analytically solvable examples allow additional insights, e.g. that higher risk aversion can, for some problem parameters, cause an increase in the sum of quantities produced, which is not the case in a single newsvendor setting. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Noncooperative cost spanning tree games with budget restrictions

We extend the noncooperative game associated with the cost spanning tree problem introduced by Bergantiños and Lorenzo (Math Method Oper Res 59(2004), 393–403) to situations where agents have budget restrictions. We study the Nash equilibria, subgame perfect Nash equilibria, and strong Nash equilibria of this game. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2008     

基于证据熵对不确定性度量的决策表约简

知识约简是粗糙集理论的核心内容之一,产生的粗糙决策规则往往具有一定的不确定性.在变精度粗糙集的基础上,本文构造了符合证据理论框架的一组焦元,利用基本概率分配函数计算了证据的总体信息熵,度量了决策表的不确定性;以该度量作为启发信息,给出了决策表的启发式知识约简算法.计算实例表明了本文方法的有效性.     

Detection of a Markovian target with optimization of the search efforts under generalized linear constraints

This paper deals with search for a target following a Markovian movement or a conditionally deterministic motion. The problem is to allocate the search efforts, when search resources renew with generalized linear constraints. The model obtained is extended to resource mixing management. New optimality equations of de Guenin's style are obtained. Practically, the problem is solved by using an algorithm derived from the FAB method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 117–142, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.10009     

Reconsidering the Legal Equality of Combatants

ABSTRACT

The legal equality of combatants (LEC) is a fixture of international law and just war theory. Both scholars who embrace and those who reject the moral equality of combatants seem committed to the legal equality of combatants. Their reasons usually include pragmatic worries about unjust combatants committing even more harm if they were to be simply prohibited from fighting. In this article I argue that this sweeping commitment to the legal equality of combatants is mistaken and that it is often grounded in a misunderstanding of the way international law governs behavior.     

对策理论的防空作战决策级融合模型

随着防空C3I系统的发展,防空作战决策的过程较以往更为自动化,用于生成各种作战辅助决策方案的计算机模型也具备随着作战环境改变所表现出一定的自适应调整的特征.影响防空作战决策结果正确性的因素众多,表现这些因素的信息有些是冲突的,为得到更为准确、有效的决策方案,各类冲突信息的处理成为防空作战的核心问题.构造了一种在冲突信息环境下基于对策理论的融合模型,以对策理论的相关算法实现了融合中心各类信息的交互决策.实践表明,这一融合模型能有效地解决防空作战决策中各类信息的综合处理问题,具有一定的实用价值.     

基于装备多寿命周期理论的发动机再制造工程及其效益分析

为了延长装备的回用时间,减少装备对环境的影响及充分利用资源,介绍了基于装备多寿命周期理论的发动机再制造工程,对发动机再制造的内涵、工艺流程、经济社会效益进行了分析。以年再制造1万台重型车辆斯太尔发动机为例进行了效益分析,结果表明可以节省金属材料7.65 kt,回收附加值3.23亿元,提供就业500人,并可节电1.45×108kWh,减少CO2排放0.6 kt,说明发展再制造工程对延长装备寿命周期、节能、节材、环保等方面具有重要意义。     

基于通用黑板模型的IMSE网络中心节点识别

运用通用黑板理论和D-S证据理论探索IMSE网络中心节点识别问题。构建了基于通用黑板框架的IMSE网络中心节点识别模型,讨论了该模型体系的体系结构和实现方法,对该模型的工作流程进行了详细论述。给出了一种基于D-S证据理论的高效识别规则。该系统中专家系统直接给出了基本概率赋值,减少了计算繁琐程度,从而可大大减轻目标识别系统的压力。最后通过仿真结果具体分析了模型的工作情况。