顾及地磁影响的GNSS电离层层析不等像素间距算法

突破传统全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)层析反演研究忽略地球磁场对电离层变化活动的影响,同时顾及不同电离层高度电子密度变化较大的影响,提出在地磁坐标系下建立电离层高度方向上不等像素间距的GNSS层析反演方法。在此基础上,通过建立新的电离层层析迭代松弛因子,提高GNSS电离层电子密度层析反演结果精度。利用IRI—2007电离层模型、GNSS实测数据与电离层测高仪数据,从模拟验证和实测数据对比两方面,反演统计了不同层析算法估算的峰值电离层电子密度误差、电子密度剖面结果平均绝对百分比误差及均方根误差,验证了顾及地磁影响的GNSS电离层层析不等像素间距算法的有效性。     

Cross-linking density and aging constitutive model of HTPB coating under prestrain thermal accelerated aging

In order to study the cross-linking density and aging constitutive relationship of HTPB coating during storage, the thermal accelerated aging tests at 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% prestrains were carried out. The cross-linking density of HTPB coating at different aging stages were tested using low-field ¹H NMR and the variation of cross-linking density was analyzed. The aging model of cross-linking density considering the chemical aging and the physical stretching factors was established. The uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on HTPB coating at different aging stages and the cross-linking density was introduced into Ogden hyperelastic constitutive model as a characterization parameter of correction coefficient. Combined with uniaxial tensile test results, a prestrain aging constitutive model of HTPB coating was established. The results show that the cross-linking density of HTPB coating increases rapidly at first and then slowly with the increase of thermal accelerated aging time without prestrain. Under prestrain conditions, the cross-linking density of HTPB coating decreases at the early stage, and increases rapidly at first and then slowly at the middle and late stages of thermal accelerated aging. The correlation coefficients of aging model of cross-linking density and aging constitutive model with test results are R > 0.9500 and R > 0.9900 respectively, which can be used to accurately describe the cross-linking density and aging constitutive relationship of HTPB coating under prestrain accelerated thermal aging conditions.     

The Gravity of Arms

The aim of this paper is to investigate the determinants of international arms transfers in a gravity model framework. By distinguishing between the decision to export arms (extensive margin) and the value of the arms exported (intensive margin), while also considering its interdependence, is what differentiates this paper from previous research. A theoretically justified gravity model of trade augmented with political and security motives is estimated using a two-stage panel data approach for 104 exporting countries over the period from 1950 to 2007. In addition to the usual gravity variables related to the economic mass of the trading countries and the trade cost factors, the model is extended with political and security factors. The level of democracy in both trading partners, political differences between trading partners and voting similarity with the United States in the UN General Assembly of the countries engaged in trade are the main political factors, whereas the existence of conflicts, military pacts, and embargoes are taken as security motives. The key result indicates that both political and security motives are an important determinant of an arms trade, but their effects on the extensive margin of exports (the decision to order a transfer) differs from their effect on the intensive margin (average value of exports). Moreover, the relative importance of the factors under study has changed since 1989. In the post-cold war period, countries that are less democratic are more likely to export arms, military pacts are less relevant and embargoes play a role.     

装备剩余寿命预测平行仿真中模型动态演化方法

装备平行仿真中的一个重要概念是实时数据驱动的模型动态演化,但是至今仍缺乏具体应用领域的实现方法。以带未知离散冲击的混合退化装备剩余寿命预测为背景,以多态Wiener状态空间模型为演化对象,提出一种装备平行仿真中模型动态演化方法,包括基于交互多模型强跟踪滤波的模型软切换和基于期望最大化算法的模型参数在线估计,并实现了基于平行仿真的装备剩余寿命实时预测。利用某轴承退化数据进行实例研究,结果表明该方法能有效提高仿真逼真度,剩余寿命预测的准确度较高、不确定性较小,具有较高工程应用价值。     

适用于北斗混合星座的相对定位随机模型建模策略

为提高模糊度解算成功率和基线解精度,提出适用于北斗的相对定位随机模型建模策略,即混合随机建模策略。采用最小二乘方差分量估计方法对北斗单差观测量方差进行估计。对处于不同高度的三轨道卫星观测量方差分别建模:对地球静止轨道卫星观测量方差采用载噪比模型建模,对倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和中地球轨道卫星观测量方差均采用仰角模型建模。根据不同模型实时组建观测量的随机模型。试验结果表明:相比于采用传统简化模型和单一的仰角或载噪比模型,混合随机模型能更加真实地反映不同卫星观测量的随机噪声特性,模糊度解算成功率和相对定位精度均有提高,总体性能最优,因而能更好地适用于北斗系统。     

信息中心网络缓存节点位置选择算法

信息中心网络（Information-Centric Networking, ICN）“泛在缓存”的特性,引发数据副本率过高、缓存空间不能充分利用等问题。为了解决上述问题,分别从用户、服务提供商和网络运营商的角度出发,以最小化网络流量与网络费用开销为优化目标建立两个单目标优化模型,并将二者结合为帕累托模型;基于帕累托求解方法中数学规划法的思想,详细描述缓存节点位置选择算法。仿真结果表明：在流量性价比方面,所提缓存节点选择算法优于ICN的默认缓存机制;在网络费用开销方面,所提算法更适用于只有少数内容较为流行的网络中,而在所有内容都流行的情况下,ICN中默认的“遍地缓存”机制更为适宜。     

基于改进协同遗传算法的有效载荷系统功能序列规划方法

针对传统回溯算法在求解基于知识模型的有效载荷系统功能序列规划问题中搜索效率低的问题,提出一种基于"择劣变异"(Worst Individual Mutation,WIM)策略的协同遗传算法(Co-evolutionary Genetic Algorithm,CGA)的改进算法WIM-CGA。该算法在遗传过程中采用双路线进化方案,即"择优实施标准遗传过程,择劣实施变异操作",达到提高求解精确度及搜索效率的目的。仿真结果表明,同等测试条件下,当功能规模为50,约束密度为1.0时,WIM-CGA算法在限定时间内最优解的平均精确度比优化的回溯算法提高了54.15%,比CGA算法提高了6.18%,且当所得解的精确度大于90%时,WIM-CGA算法比CGA算法的迭代次数减少了65.79%,耗时降低了48.97%,显著提高了功能序列规划的效率。     

指数型数据环境因子工程计算方法

在可靠性工程实践中,对于技术状态处于稳定期的产品,环境因子是对不同试验条件下的可靠性数据进行综合利用的重要参数。由于环境因子理论计算方法在工程应用中存在着很多问题,缺乏工程实用性,因而在可靠性工程中如何确定环境因子一直是个争议较多的问题。主要探讨了指数型数据环境因子的工程确定方法,在理论计算公式的基础上对可靠性试验数据进行了工程上的处理,由此获得的环境因子具备较强的工程实用性。     

航空自导深弹攻潜命中概率分析

以航空自导深弹为研究对象,在分析反潜直升机攻潜过程的基础上,依据某型航空自导深弹的有关技术参数,首先建立了反潜直升机使用航空自导深弹攻潜模型,然后详尽分析了航空自导深弹攻潜作战中的各种源误差,采用解析法计算了反潜直升机在不同条件下投放航空自导深弹攻击潜艇时的单发命中概率,得出了反潜直升机空投航空自导深弹攻潜的使用方法.这对于部队使用航空自导深弹反潜有较高的参考价值.     

核心体系结构数据模型的改进方案

核心体系结构数据模型(Core Architecture Data Model简写为CADM)提供了如何组织C4ISR系统体系结构数据的概念视图,其设计思想对体系结构数据的查询效率、可重用性以及可扩展性有着非常重要的影响.概要介绍了CADM的设计思想,并针对当前CAMD模型数据重用粒度低、扩展性差等缺点,提出了开放性原则、规范性原则、兼容性原则以及重用性原则等数据模型的改进方案,最后分析了这种方案的优缺点.