A critical look at the U.S. deceased‐donor organ procurement and utilization system

The U.S. system for procuring and utilizing deceased‐donor organs for transplantation has been studied and written about in many articles. The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactions between the elements that comprise this system, and point out improvement opportunities that may be affected through operations research/management techniques. The authors demonstrate the need for developing data‐driven and analytic tools. In fact, data is used to generate hypotheses and support claims throughout the paper. The paper also points out the need to fully leverage data that is available to researchers, and to seek data that is currently not deposited in a centralized archive.     

A melt-cast Duan-Zhang-Kim mesoscopic reaction rate model and experiment for shock initiation of melt-cast explosives

A melt-cast Duan-Zhang-Kim (DZK) mesoscopic reaction rate model is developed for the shock initiation of melt-cast explosives based on the pore collapse hot-spot ignition mechanism. A series of shock initiation experiments was performed for the Comp B melt-cast explosive to estimate effects of the loading pressure and the particle size of granular explosive component, and the mesoscopic model is validated against the experimental data. Further numerical simulations indicate that the initial density and formula proportion greatly affect the hot-spot ignition of melt-cast explosives.     

Dynamic necking of a near α titanium alloy at high strain rates:Experiments and modelling

The tensile behaviour of near α Ti3Al2.5 V alloy, conceived for applications in aerospace and automotive engineering, is characterized from quasi-static to high strain rates. The material is found to present noticeable strain rate sensitivity. The dynamic true strain rate in the necking cross-section reaches values up to ten times higher than the nominal strain rate. It is also observed that beyond necking the dynamic true stress-strain curves present limited rate dependence. The experimental results at different strain rates are used to determine a suitable constitutive model for finite element simulations of the dynamic tensile tests. The model predicts the experimentally macroscopic force-time response, true stress-strain response and effective strain rate evolution with good agreement.     

脉冲群间多普勒频率变化率的高精度测量算法

提出了一种脉冲群间多普勒频率变化率的高精度测量算法,该算法利用脉冲群内相邻脉冲对间的互相关函数估计脉冲群模糊频率,在连续脉冲群间选择任一相同模糊频率进行解模糊得到各脉冲群相对频率,由于这些相对频率包含相同的模糊,从而可以利用差分或滤波算法得到脉冲群间多普勒频率变化率。该算法具有相对频率估计精度高、解模糊过程简单、运算量小、多普勒频率变化率测量精度高等优点。计算机仿真和地面缩比试验均证明了该测量算法的有效性。     

典型包装材料燃烧性能实验研究

使用锥形量热仪对典型包装材料———内衬聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料外包装硬纸板的燃烧性能进行了实验研究,测得了不同热辐射强度下包装材料样品的点燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失率、比消光面积(发烟量)、CO的产率等燃烧性能参数。实验结果表明,包装材料受热辐射时很容易被点燃,燃烧时放出大量的热和有毒烟气。     

舰船航渡过程中的松弛时间与航渡策略问题

针对舰船特点和任务要求,提出了舰船航渡中的松弛时间问题。在对问题分析的基础上,给出了松弛时间的定义并对其进行了建模,讨论了航渡失败的判断准则,给出了松弛时间的上下限以及航渡中实际的松弛时间的计算方法,并采用仿真的方法进行了典型航渡过程的松弛时间和成功概率的计算。在大量计算的基础上,初步探讨了航渡成功概率与各类航渡参数之间的关系,并对舰船最优航渡策略问题进行了初步分析,最后对于优化目标、计算初值、结果的表达方式等提出了一个可行的解决方案。     

基于磁记忆检测技术的即时报警功能设计与实现

根据金属磁记忆检测技术中缺陷判定依据的运算特点,为减少程序计算量、提高缺陷检测效率,改进了传统缺陷判定算法．在检测设备基本结构基础上增加了信号调理卡,并借助多功能采集卡的数字输出功能实现了缺陷检出时的即时报警,大幅提高了检测系统的工作效率．     

排除虚假交叉定位点的新方法

多站测向交叉定位法是无源定位方法中应用较多的一种,但该方法易产生大量虚假定位点。针对这个问题,提出了一种排除交叉定位中虚假点的新方法。该方法以两个观测站为主站,其他观测站为辅站,利用辅站数据对主站数据进行筛选及反馈从而快速排除两主站中的虚假点。仿真结果表明,该算法能够快速、准确地排除虚假定位点。     

低功率霍尔推力器阳极供气环工程设计关键参数仿真

为了提高低功率霍尔推力器放电通道内中性原子分布均匀性,采用有限元方法对阳极供气环关键结构参数进行优化研究。针对双腔式阳极供气环结构,重点分析了缓冲腔容积比以及缓冲腔隔板导流小孔数量等关键参数对阳极供气均匀性的影响。研究结果表明:随着缓冲腔容积比的增大,阳极供气环出气孔差异率先快速减小后趋于稳定,其中当容积率k=1.0时,平均差异率和最大差异率分别为1.77%和3.79%;隔板间导流小孔数量从8增加到14时,出气孔差异率呈现浴盆曲线特性,其中导流孔数量为10时,平均差异率和最大差异率分别为1.8%和3.8%。研究结果可为霍尔推力器阳极供气环工程设计提供理论支撑。     

图形式火警救援C3系统

图形式火警救援C~3系统是一个先进的在国内首次实现的以微型机为主处理机,达到实用水平的火警救援C~3系统。系统设计以C~3I理论和技术为基础,以地图和图形为背景,以很低的投资获取了较高的技术性能和系统功能。本文概要地介绍了该系统的总体设计思想和若干主要技术问题。