Minimizing sums and products of linear fractional functions over a polytope

In this paper, we develop efficient deterministic algorithms for globally minimizing the sum and the product of several linear fractional functions over a polytope. We will show that an elaborate implementation of an outer approximation algorithm applied to the master problem generated by a parametric transformation of the objective function serves as an efficient method for calculating global minima of these nonconvex minimization problems if the number of linear fractional terms in the objective function is less than four or five. It will be shown that the Charnes–Cooper transformation plays an essential role in solving these problems. Also a simple bounding technique using linear multiplicative programming techniques has remarkable effects on structured problems. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 583–596, 1999     

Solution algorithms for the parallel replacement problem under economy of scale

We consider the parallel replacement problem in which machine investment costs exhibit economy of scale which is modeled through associating both fixed and variable costs with machine investment costs. Both finite- and infinite-horizon cases are investigated. Under the three assumptions made in the literature on the problem parameters, we show that the finite-horizon problem with time-varying parameters is equivalent to a shortest path problem and hence can be solved very efficiently, and give a very simple and fast algorithm for the infinite-horizon problem with time-invariant parameters. For the general finite-horizon problem without any assumption on the problem parameters, we formulate it as a zero-one integer program and propose an algorithm for solving it exactly based on Benders' decomposition. Computational results show that this solution algorithm is efficient, i.e., it is capable of solving large scale problems within a reasonable cpu time, and robust, i.e., the number of iterations needed to solve a problem does not increase quickly with the problem size. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 279–295, 1998     

磁梯度张量的旋转计算方法

为了获得磁梯度张量数据,提出旋转计算磁梯度张量的方法。使倾斜放置的磁梯度计绕竖直轴线转动,利用测得的空间磁梯度数据计算得到磁梯度张量。以磁梯度张量的理论值作为参考,选取一组较优的转动角、倾角和基线长度等模型参数,分析磁力仪三轴指向误差对磁梯度张量计算结果的影响。数值仿真结果表明:该旋转合成方法能够有效获取磁张量信息,合成计算值与理论值之间的差别较小。     

固定翼无人机曲线路径跟踪的积分向量场方法

常规的向量场方法在处理无人机曲线路径跟踪问题时很容易受非定常风扰的影响而使得跟踪误差增加,因此很多方法采用用无人机的惯性坐标系(地速和方位角)替代机体坐标系(空速和偏航角)的方式来提高抗风性能。但是,这种方式只能处理大小和方向均恒定的风扰,这在实际飞行中是过于理想的假设。为了克服这些不足,提出了一种采用侧偏距的积分来主动抵消非定常风扰的积分向量场方法用于固定翼无人机曲线路径跟踪控制。根据期望路径的曲率及路径角,结合无人机自身的状态信息设计了曲线路径跟踪策略,并且使用李雅普诺夫理论证明了提出的方法能够确保闭环系统的全局渐进稳定。最后,使用高性能半实物仿真系统验证了提出方法的抗风跟踪性能。     

飞秒激光脉冲在空气中成丝调控研究进展

在衍射、色散、克尔效应和多光子电离的动态平衡作用下,飞秒激光脉冲能够形成长距离的自引导光丝结构,并且伴随着狭长的等离子体通道。为精确控制超强飞秒激光脉冲在大气中的传输特性,针对飞秒光丝传输模式及光丝光场时空分布的有效调控已成为当前研究热点。在介绍飞秒激光成丝物理模型的基础上,对飞秒激光成丝调控方面的最新进展进行了综述,将光丝调控方式大致归结为两部分:时间调控和空间调控。其中,在空间维度上的调控主要可以分为相位调控、振幅调控以及特殊光场调控。同时指出飞秒激光大气成丝调制能产生众多的新效应,可为促进飞秒光丝实现更多新颖的潜在应用奠定基础。     

二次流引射对保形非对称喷管性能的影响

发动机与飞机后体结构设计合理与否直接影响发动机的部件匹配和性能。利用三维雷诺平均N-S方程和k-ωSST湍流模型对飞翼布局无人机保形非对称喷管在典型飞行状态下开展了内外流流场特性的数值分析,获得了后体尾喷管推力性能和三维流动特征随二次流压力比的变化趋势。结果表明:发动机喷管落压比条件一定的前提下,通过合理优化二次流通道、增大二次流压力比,可以有效改善后体/喷管主流流场特性;当二次流与主流的流量比在0. 2%～1. 86%内时,后体尾喷管轴向推力系数的变化幅度大约为3%,在一定程度上能够减弱发动机主流的过膨胀程度,减小发动机推力损失,无人机后体尾喷管性能得到显著提高。     

船舶轴频电场跟踪

针对轴频电场包络跟踪中先验信息缺失的问题,研究了船舶轴频电场跟踪对传感器阵列的基本要求,引入了一种基于最大似然选择的多初值渐进更新扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。建立船舶轴频电场包络跟踪的状态空间模型,用水平电偶极子对船舶轴频电场包络进行建模;建立基于最大似然选择的多初值模型;基于轴频包络信号特征,研究了对传感器阵列排布方式的要求。仿真结果表明,利用轴频电场包络对船舶进行跟踪是可行的,要求传感器阵列至少由3个传感器组成,且3个传感器不在一条直线上;在传感器阵列满足要求的情况下,该算法可以有效解决轴频电场包络跟踪中的先验信息缺失问题,具有较高的实用价值。     

提高近场精度的海洋声学快速场改进模型

为了提高海洋声学快速场模型在近场区域的计算精度,分析了影响经典快速场模型精度的因素,主要包括Bessel函数近似、忽略内行波项以及在水平距离最远处波数采样率过低,这些因素导致快速场模型近场误差较大、远场水平距离最远处结果不正确(计算结束后需要去除水平距离后段的声场)。提出能够提高经典快速场模型近场计算精度的改进模型,改进部分主要是采用保留内行波项的近似Bessel函数,再将近场上下两个基于声源点与对称轴的三角形区域用波数积分解(使用精确Bessel函数)覆盖。算例测试结果表明:与经典快速场模型相比,改进模型可在绝对时间增加较少的情况下,显著提高近场计算精度,综合性能更优;与波数积分法相比,改进模型在误差为同量级的情况下,积分时间大幅降低,实际应用价值更高。     

深度神经网络指导下的无线覆盖预测算法

为保证新一代移动无线网络能够根据实时覆盖情况动态地调节小区天线参数,需要实现高效且准确的无线覆盖预测。传统的求解方法通过精确的场强预测判断天线参数的优劣,虽然精度很高但需要大量的计算资源,无法满足5G和后5G移动网络通过实时覆盖预测进行射频参数动态调整的实际需求。现采用基于深度神经网络的算法对给定天线参数的覆盖效果进行预测,以取代对目标区域的精确场强预测。数值结果表明:该方法能够在保持计算准确性的同时显著减少计算量,为5G动态网络规划提供基础性参考数据。     

Modeling and simulation of muzzle flow field of railgun with metal vapor and arc

During the electromagnetic railgun launching process, there will be a complex flow field with high temperature in the muzzle area because of the high-speed friction, transition and secondary arc-ignition. This paper models the muzzle area of railgun when the projectile is far away from the muzzle, and the dynamic simulation of the flow field with secondary arc in the muzzle area is carried out based on the magneto hydrodynamic equations. Meanwhile, a multi-component plasma transport model is used to analyze the muzzle arc plasma flow process of the mixed gas of Al vapor and the air. Furthermore, the pressure boundary conditions are fitted by the dynamic mesh simulation results. The current and voltage of the muzzle are obtained through the emission experiment of the railgun experimental prototype. We load the current data into the simulation model and the voltage of experiments and simulations are compared, which proves the accuracy of the simulation. Then the plasma temperature and the composition of Al vapor in the muzzle flow process are analyzed in-depth.