Adaptive phasefield modelling of crack propagation in orthotropic functionally graded materials

In this work, we extend the recently proposed adaptive phase field method to model fracture in orthotropic functionally graded materials (FGMs). A recovery type error indicator combined with quadtree decomposition is employed for adaptive mesh refinement. The proposed approach is capable of capturing the fracture process with a localized mesh refinement that provides notable gains in computational efficiency. The implementation is validated against experimental data and other nu-merical experiments on orthotropic materials with different material orientations. The results reveal an increase in the stiffness and the maximum force with increasing material orientation angle. The study is then extended to the analysis of orthotropic FGMs. It is observed that, if the gradation in fracture properties is neglected, the material gradient plays a secondary role, with the fracture behaviour being dominated by the orthotropy of the material. However, when the toughness increases along the crack propagation path, a substantial gain in fracture resistance is observed.     

有限时间热力学研究的一些进展

介绍近年来在不可逆热机理论、回热式燃气轮机循环分析、类热机装置分析和广义热力学优化理论研究中的一些进展 ,并简要阐述其发展方向 .     

中小型石油库(站)CAD系统中快速设计的实现

如何提高中小型石油库(站)设计的效率是工程设计人员非常关注的一个问题,也是中小型石油库(站)工程设计CAD软件开发的基本目标之一,但目前在国内研究较少。分析归纳了中小型石油库(站)实际设计中的典型设计方法,提出了以外部数据库和图形数据库为基础,采用基于工程参数驱动图块的设计技术、基于单元图的设计技术、基于工程定型图的设计技术,并结合根据需要开发的修改编辑工具,为设计人员提供了一整套设计工具,帮助其实现快速设计。试用效果证明,该思路切实可行,并已在中小型石油库(站)CAD系统的开发中得以实现。     

无铅汽油中烯烃、芳烃含量的分析

随着环境保护意识的加强,车用无铅汽油国家标准GB 17930-1999中对烯烃、芳烃含量提出了明确限值要求。相应分析方法是GB／T 11132-2002液体石油产品烃类测定法(荧光指示剂吸附法,FIA),该方法操作过程复杂,试验时间长,试验结果偏差大。为改进对汽油中烯烃、芳烃含量的测试方法,人们在这方面做了大量研究工作。对目前采用的快速、简便分析汽油中烯烃、芳烃含量的气相色谱和近红外光谱分析方法进行了评述。     

大功率气体开关重复频率的理论分析

分析了影响气体开关重复频率的各因素,从理论上推导了开关耗能的恢复时间以及气体的冷却时间对重复频率的影响。提出了提高重复频率的方法。     

横观各向同性压电材料中的运动螺位错

考虑横观各向同性压电材料中螺位错的亚音速运动问题。应用复变函数方法 ,得到了运动螺位错产生的电弹场的解析解。当螺位错的运动速度为零时 ,其解便退化成由Pak给出的静止螺位错产生的电弹场。     

航天器推进系统气液路故障仿真

为了研究和分析航天器推进系统气液路故障的发展变化规律及对整个推进系统性能的影响,在某挤压式航天器推进系统仿真模型的基础上,分别采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型和一维可压缩流模型对气路泄漏和堵塞故障进行动态仿真,采用一维不可压瞬变管流模型与变流量系数模型对液路泄漏和堵塞故障进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:推进系统增压气路堵塞和泄漏故障,会导致增压不足,使推进剂供应管路压强下降;推进剂供应管路堵塞故障和泄漏故障会导致混合比偏离设计值,使推进系统性能降低。两类故障都会引起推力不足,致使系统性能降低。两者的不同之处在于:堵塞故障下,故障组件上游压强高于额定工况,推进剂消耗低于额定工况;泄漏故障下,故障组件上游压强低于额定工况,推进剂消耗高于额定工况。     

点电荷对的电力线和等势面的计算机模拟

为了了解空间各点电场强度的大小和方向,需要借助于电力线或等势面。研 究了由电势叠加原理计算出点电荷对的等势面方程,由高斯定理计算出点电荷对的电力线 族方程,并用Mathematica软件作出了相应的图。该方法简单、准确。     

Did the Russian General Staff experiment with free play during VOSTOK-2018?

The VOSTOK-2018 strategic field training exercise (FTX) that took place in mid-September 2018 rehearsed forces’ integration and combat preparedness across multiple strategic directions. Regarding combat readiness, the research question outlined in this paper relates to whether the General Staff experimented with mission-command - a key component of Russia’s modern military thinking. The answer is clearly no: operational creative manoeuvring hardly featured during the VOSTOK-2018 drills for clearly identified reasons. At the systemic level, little room was left for initiatives since the drills focused on implementing and testing command and control (C2) systems. At the structural level, VOSTOK-2018 was not oriented towards mission-command but ‘mission-control’ and streamlining centralised decision-making processes down to the tactical level. At the symbolic level, free play was not exercised due to the participation of China in the drills, and the necessity to impress Chinese military observers.     

电偶腐蚀下非稳态扩散瞬时静电场分析

为分析在浓差极化条件下非稳态过程中的静电场分布情况,在斐克第二定律的基础上利用拉普拉斯变换求解电极表面氧浓度随时间的变化。通过法拉第定律分析受氧浓度控制下的电偶腐蚀电流密度,在此基础上利用电流元模型求解电解质溶液中任意位置处产生的瞬时电位及静电场强度,并通过实验验证结果的正确性。结果表明：浓差极化下的非稳态扩散传质产生的静电场及电位会随着时间的增加而逐渐减小,并最终达到稳态,且电流密度会随着氧的浓度减小而减小。