Humanitarian response to hurricane disasters: Coordinating flood‐risk mitigation with fundraising and relief operations

To alleviate flooding, caused by hurricanes, governments build structural barriers called levees. In addition, relief providers such as the nongovernmental organizations and charities raise funds, and procure and deliver supplies (food, water, and medicines) for humanitarian relief. The strategy for managing disasters must, therefore, weigh the costs and benefits of building levees as well as procuring and delivering supplies. We use a three‐stage decision making framework to study how the investment in levee capacity can be integrated with supply procurements, fundraising, and rapid response. One of our major findings is that a large fundraising cost discourages postdisaster funding, implying relatively large investments in levee and prepositioned supplies. That notwithstanding, a large social value (of saving life) can tilt the balance in favor of postdisaster funding. If the levee capacity increases, funding for predisaster procurement is reduced without affecting postdisaster funding. For a sufficiently large increase in capacity, however, postdisaster response becomes superfluous. We also find that hurricane uncertainty motivates levees with large capacity. In contrast, levee‐failures motivate levees with small capacity.     

Numerical simulation of dynamic large deformation and fracture damage for solid armature in electromagnetic railgun

The design of solid armature of railgun should take full account of its operating conditions and material properties because the armature is subjected to dynamic loading conditions and experiences a complicated electrical, thermal and mechanical process in the interior ballistic cycle. In this paper present, we first introduced a multi-physical field model of railgun, followed by several examples to investigate the launching process. Especially, we used the explicit finite element method, in which material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity were accounted, to investigate the deform behaviors of solid armature. The results show that the dynamic mechanical process of armature is dependent on the armature geometry, material and exciting electric current. By the numerical simulation, the understanding of the fracture mechanism of solid armature was deepened.     

关于有限变形非弹性有限单元法的研究进展

对有限变形非弹性有限单元法研究发展中的一些普遍关注的研究课题,进行了回顾和展望。这些课题包括:不同参考构形下的有限元列式、客观性应力率的合理定义、有限变形非弹性本构方程的精确描述、率本构方程的增量客观数值积分、塑性流动的不可压缩性与自锁现象、以及交界面接触与摩擦的处理。     

次优Sage滤波器的改进措施

针对次优Sage自适应卡尔曼滤波器存在的不足,提出了两种改进措施:通过对滤波器发散的综合抑制,提高了滤波器的数值稳定性;设计了一种新颖的附加伴随滤波器的并行滤波结构,消除了针对结果偏移现象,提高了滤波精度。     

捷联惯导惯性系动基座对准算法研究

针对船载等晃动基座环境,利用多级低通FIR数字滤波器和过渡的惯性坐标系,实现了惯性系动基座对准。分析表明,对准精度取决于等效的东向陀螺漂移大小以及FIR滤波器组的特性,该方法的对准时间长短取决于FIR滤波器组的阶次,并从原理上解决了大失准角问题。实验结果表明:惯性系对准新方案的对准精度与传统罗经方法精度相当,但新方法收敛更快,而且适用于任意失准角。     

基于混沌量子粒子群的舰炮身管多目标优化研究

舰炮的炮口扰动是影响舰炮射击精度的重要因素。为了减少舰炮的炮口扰动,优化身管结构,建立了柔性身管的有限元模型并将该模型的模态计算结果与模态试验测试值进行对比,证明建立的柔性身管有限元模型是有效的。提出了混沌量子粒子群算法与动力学联合优化的方法,进行身管和炮口的多目标优化,优化结果表明：优化后的炮口中心的线速度、角速度和角位移与优化前相比显著减小,身管质量有所降低,结构更加合理,该优化方法有效可行,为下一步全炮总体优化设计提供了一定的借鉴。     

基于程序状态变迁的ASLR机制脆弱性分析方法

地址随机化ASLR是一种针对控制流劫持漏洞的防御机制。已有的漏洞自动分析与利用技术缺少对地址随机化机制影响的分析,导致生成的测试用例在实际环境中的运行效果受到极大限制。针对地址随机化的缺陷及其绕过技术的特点,本文提出了一种地址随机化脆弱性分析方法。该方法使用有限状态机描述程序运行路径中各关键节点的状态;针对常见的内存泄漏与控制流劫持场景建立约束条件;通过求解内存泄露状态约束与控制流劫持状态约束的兼容性,分析地址随机化机制在特定场景下的脆弱性。实验结果显示,该方法可有效检测通过内存泄漏导致的地址随机化绕过及控制流劫持攻击,实现自动化的地址随机化脆弱性分析,提高针对软件安全性分析的效率。     

海水电场受物体电导率及其形状影响分析

海水中电场测量体会对目标电场产生影响,为了提高电场测量的准确度,利用有限元分析的方法研究了物体对海水电场分布的影响因素,并确定畸变电场的分布规律。仿真结果表明:海水电场畸变峰值大小及其畸变区域受物体的电导率及其形状影响,物体电导率小于或大于海水电导率时对电场分布的影响截然相反,物体形状的曲率越大,电场畸变的峰值越大,但畸变区域越小。     

平方根Spherical Simplex UKF在飞船姿态估计中的应用

提出了一种用矢量观测来估计飞船姿态的平方根spherical simplex unscented卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法将spherical simplex unscented变换与unscented卡尔曼滤波结合起来,与采用scaled unscented变换的unscented卡尔曼滤波相比,具有更低的计算量。其平方根形式由于协方差阵的半正定性,拥有更好的数值稳定性。飞船的姿态运动学描述采用了四元数,而用广义罗德里格斯参数来克服卡尔曼滤波过程中的四元数归一化误差。仿真结果表明,该算法比标准扩展卡尔曼滤波具有更低的姿态估计误差及更快的收敛率。     

固体运载器姿态控制系统自适应滤波器设计

采用大长细比、轻结构质量设计方案的固体运载器结构刚度较小,姿态控制系统设计需要考虑弹性振动的影响。设计了自适应滤波器实现对箭体弹性振动信号的抑制:将滤波器参数自适应问题转化为系统参数辨识问题,通过Steiglitz-McBride参数辨识方法求解,该方法具有计算复杂性低、收敛迅速等特点,适用于箭上计算机实时计算。通过闭环仿真表明,在箭体弹性频率发生变化的条件下,具有自适应滤波器的控制系统能够跟踪这种变化,有效抑制振动信号对控制器的影响,保持运载器姿态运动稳定。