电磁轨道炮轨道温度场与热应力数值仿真

在电磁轨道炮发射过程中,因热量累积而引起的急速温升与热应力对轨道性能和寿命有着重要的影响。为获得发射过程中轨道温度场及热应力分布情况,在分析轨道热载荷的基础上,建立了热载荷计算模型,并在给定的参数下,利用有限元仿真软件ANSYS Workbench对3种典型截面轨道的温度场与热应力进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明:轨道温度场与热应力轴向上呈梯度分布,纵向上只扩散到内表面很薄的区域,温度与热应力最大值在电枢初始位置处;相较于矩形与凹形截面轨道,凸形截面轨道温升与热应力较低,性能较好。     

A risk function for the stochastic modeling of electric capacity expansion

We present a stochastic optimization model for planning capacity expansion under capacity deterioration and demand uncertainty. The paper focuses on the electric sector, although the methodology can be used in other applications. The goals of the model are deciding which energy types must be installed, and when. Another goal is providing an initial generation plan for short periods of the planning horizon that might be adequately modified in real time assuming penalties in the operation cost. Uncertainty is modeled under the assumption that the demand is a random vector. The cost of the risk associated with decisions that may need some tuning in the future is included in the objective function. The proposed scheme to solve the nonlinear stochastic optimization model is Generalized Benders' decomposition. We also exploit the Benders' subproblem structure to solve it efficiently. Computational results for moderate‐size problems are presented along with comparison to a general‐purpose nonlinear optimization package. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48:662–683, 2001     

一种齿轮箱振动控制方法

从机械结构的振动控制理论出发 ,提出了一种齿轮箱振动控制方法 ,研究并讨论几种齿轮箱箱体以及齿轮本体的结构参数对动态特性的影响 ,其结论可以为齿轮箱的振动设计提供参考依据     

拖缆系统直线定常运动仿真计算

推导了一个三因次拖缆系统动力平衡运动方程式 ,采用中心差分方法数值离散拖缆系统动力平衡方程 .根据离散方程编制了拖缆系统直线定常运动程序 ,在设定拖缆尾端自由边界条件及拖点边界条件下 ,数值仿真计算 30m拖缆的阵形 .根据仿真计算讨论了拖缆的材料刚度、拖缆水中重量、拖点速度、水动力系数主要参数等对拖缆阵形的影响 .拖缆系统直线定常运动的仿真计算为拖缆系统设计可提供参考依据 ,同时通过该仿真计算及讨论 ,为拖缆系统非定常运动仿真计算奠定了基础     

钢筋钢纤维混凝土既有裂缝梁中钢纤维阻裂作用有限元分析

通过建立钢筋钢纤维混凝土既有裂缝梁和钢筋混凝土既有裂缝梁的有限元分析模型,借助ANSYS分析了两种梁在荷载作用下的裂缝尖端处应力、裂缝宽度增幅和挠度并作出对比。分析结果表明钢纤维对裂缝开展有很好的阻止作用,而且能明显缓和裂缝尖端处应力,减小梁的挠度。     

The Demand for Military Expenditure in Europe: The Role of Fiscal Space in the Context of a Resurgent Russia

A variant of established work on the demand for military expenditure is developed based on a practical concept of fiscal space from the perspective of short-term government choices concerning public expenditures. A new indicator, referred to as fiscal capacity, is defined and used as a candidate explanatory variable in an empirical model of European defence spending over the 2007–2016 period. Fiscal capacity is found to outperform simpler measurements of economic conditions, notably GDP growth forecasts, in explaining changes in defence spending efforts as a share of GDP. Regarding security environment variables, the results suggest that Russia has recently come to be seen as a potential military threat by European nations, leading to defence spending increases, the more so the shorter the distance to stationed or deployed Russian forces, and particularly so by those European nations that have a land border with Russia. A prospective exercise is then carried out in order to assess the capacity of EU member states that are also members of NATO to reach NATO’s 2% goal for defence spending over a mid-term horizon.     

Excess procurement strategies by a dominant buyer under constrained supply

Supply chains are often characterized by the presence of a dominant buyer purchasing from a supplier with limited capacity. We study such a situation where a single supplier sells capacity to an established and more powerful buyer and also to a relatively less powerful buyer. The more powerful buyer enjoys the first right to book her capacity requirements at supplier's end, and then the common supplier fulfills the requirement of the less powerful buyer. We find that when the supplier's capacity is either too low (below the lower threshold) or too high (above the higher threshold), there is no excess procurement as compared to the case when supplier has infinite capacity. When the supplier's capacity is between these two thresholds, the more powerful buyer purchases an excess amount in comparison to the infinite capacity case.     

弹(箭)体级间连接结构准静载失效实验与数值预示

级间螺栓法兰连接是导弹(火箭)常见的连接方式,但破坏了整体结构连续性,且承载能力薄弱,在外荷载作用下易发生失效而使整弹(箭)结构强度丧失。根据实际导弹(火箭)连接结构特点,简化设计并制作了一组原理性实验件,设计了准静载加载实验测试系统和螺栓响应信号传感器,进行了两次准静载失效实验,并利用ABAQUS软件建立了对应的有限元仿真模型。根据实验效果和实测数据,分析了连接结构在准静载荷载作用下的失效机理,并对比验证发现有限元模型数值模拟效果和精度与实验吻合较好。研究结论可为弹(箭)体级间连接结构承载能力和失效实验设计提供参考。     

Stochastic production capacity: A bane or a boon for quick response supply chains?

The quick response (QR) system that can cope with demand volatility by shortening lead time has been well studied in the literature. Much of the existing literature assumes implicitly or explicitly that the manufacturers under QR can always meet the demand because the production capacity is always sufficient. However, when the order comes with a short lead time under QR, availability of the manufacturer's production capacity is not guaranteed. This motivates us to explore QR in supply chains with stochastic production capacity. Specifically, we study QR in a two-echelon supply chain with Bayesian demand information updating. We consider the situation where the manufacturer's production capacity under QR is uncertain. We first explore how stochastic production capacity affects supply chain decisions and QR implementation. We then incorporate the manufacturer's ability to expand capacity into the model. We explore how the manufacturer determines the optimal capacity expansion decision, and the value of such an ability to the supply chain and its agents. Finally, we extend the model to the two-stage two-ordering case and derive the optimal ordering policy by dynamic programming. We compare the single-ordering and two-ordering cases to generate additional managerial insights about how ordering flexibility affects QR when production capacity is stochastic. We also explore the transparent supply chain and find that our main results still hold.     

非奇异快速终端滑模及动态面控制的轨迹跟踪制导律

针对飞行器跟踪预设轨迹的问题,提出非奇异快速终端滑模和角度约束的轨迹跟踪制导律。通过引入虚拟目标点,提出参考轨迹曲率半径的期望视线角约束条件,建立带有视线角约束并考虑自动驾驶仪动态特性的轨迹跟踪数学模型。为了保证在有限时间内跟踪预设轨迹并避免出现奇异问题,采用快速非奇异终端滑模和动态面控制方法进行制导律设计。推导出视线角误差和轨迹跟踪误差之间的数学关系,并利用Lyapunov稳定性准则证明轨迹跟踪误差最终有界任意小。与弹道成型轨迹跟踪制导律进行仿真对比,仿真结果表明所提出的制导律具有良好的跟踪性能及鲁棒性。