Optimization of buckling load for laminated composite plates using adaptive Kriging-improved PSO: A novel hybrid intelligent method

An effective hybrid optimization method is proposed by integrating an adaptive Kriging (A-Kriging) into an improved partial swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) to give a so-called A-Kriging-IPSO for maxi-mizing the buckling load of laminated composite plates (LCPs) under uniaxial and biaxial compressions. In this method, a novel iterative adaptive Kriging model, which is structured using two training sample sets as active and adaptive points, is utilized to directly predict the buckling load of the LCPs and to improve the efficiency of the optimization process. The active points are selected from the initial data set while the adaptive points are generated using the radial random-based convex samples. The cell-based smoothed discrete shear gap method (CS-DSG3) is employed to analyze the buckling behavior of the LCPs to provide the response of adaptive and input data sets. The buckling load of the LCPs is maximized by utilizing the IPSO algorithm. To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methodology, the LCPs with different layers (2, 3, 4, and 10 layers), boundary conditions, aspect ratios and load patterns (biaxial and uniaxial loads) are investigated. The results obtained by proposed method are in good agreement with the literature results, but with less computational burden. By applying adaptive radial Kriging model, the accurate optimal results-based predictions of the buckling load are obtained for the studied LCPs.     

Supercritical carbon dioxide as a new working medium for pneumatic launch: A theoretical study

Compared with the conventionally gaseous or liquid working media, the specific internal energy of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD) is higher at the same temperature and pressure, and the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is close to room temperature, making SCD a potential new working medium for pneumatic launch. To analyze the feasibility of this conception, an analytical model of a pneumatic catapult is established on basis of the conservations of mass and energy. The model consists of a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber connected by multiple valves, and there is a movable piston in the low-pressure chamber that can push an aircraft to accelerate. The effects of the launch readiness state of SCD in the high-pressure chamber, the initial volume of the low-pressure chamber and the valve control on the movement of the aircraft are analyzed. It is found that there is a restrictive relation between the temperature and pressure of the launch readiness state of SCD, i.e., there is a maximum allowable launch readiness pressure when the launch readiness temperature is fixed. If this restrictive relation is not satisfied, the working medium in the low-pressure chamber will drop to its triple point within a few milliseconds, leading to a launch failure. Owing to this restrictive relation, there is an optimal launch readiness state of SCD with the highest working capacity for any allowable launch readiness temperature. The pressure of the low-pressure chamber will decrease significantly as the initial volume increases, leading to a decreased acceleration of the aircraft. The ac-celeration can be controlled below a critical value by a designed sequential blasting technique of multiple valves. The calculated results show that a 500 kg aircraft can be accelerated from 0 to 58 m/s in 0.9 s with 36 kg of carbon dioxide. This research provides a new technique for the controllable cold launch of an aircraft.     

钢管初应力对方钢管混凝土构件性能的影响研究

在14根方钢管混凝土构件试验的基础上,分析了初应力系数、荷载偏心率、混凝土强度、试件长细比等因素对承载力的影响,给出了钢管初应力对方钢管混凝土压弯构件承载力的影响系数,采用ANSYS有限元分析程序进行了非线性全过程分析.     

复合材料偏心加筋壳特性分析

用任意加筋壳单元研究了复合材料偏心加筋壳结构的特性.研究表明,在结构几何尺寸已经确定的情况下,可以调整加强肋骨的偏心量,以改变加筋壳结构内部的受力和变形;调整加强肋骨的布置方式也是改变加筋壳结构强度和刚度的有效方法.     

长坑道中防护门上的化爆冲击波压力研究

为了对坑道中的防护门抗化爆冲击波进行有效的设计,先需确切知道作用在防护门上的反射压力。首先基于Hopkinson比例定律,用LS-DYNA动力有限元软件模拟了常规炸药在坑道入口外爆炸情况下,长坑道中自由场冲击波峰值压力的衰减规律,并由此确定作用在防护门上的反射压力。计算结果与其他经验方法的预测结果进行了比较。可供防护门的设计及动力响应研究参考。     

有限水深Kelvin源格林函数及其导数的快速计算

应用线性船舶水动力学理论,将有限水深Kelvin移动兴波源格林函数分解成3部分:简单Rankine源集合、局部扰动项和波函数项。对各部分在亚临界和超临界航速时的快速计算分别作了讨论,其中对计算费时的局部扰动项采用了复数中的最陡下降积分法,加快了计算速度,进而引出各部分偏导数的计算。最后,比较了格林函数的差分值与偏导数值,计算了薄船兴波阻力与表面兴波,讨论了不同面元网格划分的收敛性,证实了亚临界、超临界航速兴波分别以横波、散波为主。     

轴向应力波作用下的圆柱壳弹塑性后屈曲

为揭示柱壳屈曲变形的发展机理及屈曲波与弹塑性应力波耦合传播间的关系,运用非线性显示动力学有限元分析方法对承受轴向高速冲击载荷作用下柱壳的弹塑性后屈曲过程进行了研究。分析结果表明:对于柱壳在轴向高速冲击下的弹塑性轴对称动力屈曲,主要屈曲变形发生在柱壳的两端,屈曲变形的产生及发展与应力波在壳中的传播过程密切相关;塑性应力波在整个屈曲过程中起了绝对支配的作用;屈曲波的产生及发展,都与塑性波的传播及反射有关;弹性应力波由于在整个屈曲过程中持续的时间极短,处于次要的地位。     

基于信息熵和TOPSIS法的装备战场抢修排序决策模型

成功的战场抢修是战斗力的“倍增器”,而及时有效的战损装备抢修排序决策是成功实施战场抢修的前提．在确定战场抢修基本原则基础上,分析了影响战损装备战场抢修排序的因素,通过目标属性本身输出的信息熵客观地确定属性权重,并结合TOPSIS法构建了装备战场抢修排序决策模型,最后通过实例对该模型的有效性和实用性进行验证．实例表明：该模型能够有效地解决战场抢修中多个战损装备的排序问题,是战损装备战场抢修分析及排序决策的一种有效工具．     

Unpacking the various meanings of redundancy: from refining the concept to military planning

The authors engage in the debate over waste in military force structure planning by rigorously deconstructing the concept of “redundancy.” First, a typology of redundancy is constructed that provides a common framework for identifying variety among redundant structures. These are labeled “true redundancy,” “expanded capacity,” “portfolio diversification,” and “mission overlap.” Further, a number of mechanisms are identified that produce these types of structures, and show the conditions under which planners may utilize redundant structure in the search for optimization. In sum, the article provides refined concepts for analysts and planners to identify when redundancy is deleterious or beneficial.     

损伤铝合金表面超声焊接界面断口分析与结合机理

采用超声焊接铝合金箔材的工艺修复处理表面腐蚀受损的2A12CZ基体,并利用Quanta200型环境扫描电子显微镜分析了截面形貌及箔材与基体之间界面表面断口的微观形貌。结果表明：从截面来看,箔材与基体之间大部分发生了焊合,界面分界线大部分消失;从机械脱开的界面断口来看,其表面微观形貌表现为鳞片状及韧窝状的典型金属型断口形貌。这说明在给定条件下,焊接部位大部分呈冶金结合。最后对铝台金箔材与铝合金基体之间超声焊接机理进行了探讨。