The modern naval fortress: an additional sea denial option for coastal states

As fixed facilities, naval fortresses seem unlikely to be important in a sea denial strategy which is usually about mobility, but new defence technologies and the changing geostrategic environment may revive the concept of the fortress. Extended ranges of anti-ship means allow onshore firepower to engage enemies over distance, even beyond the economic exclusive zones where most maritime territorial disputes occur. In the face of size limits on missile warheads that constrain their destruction of hardened targets, various active and passive defence technologies against missiles can enhance the survivability of onshore fortresses. Furthermore, onshore locations give fortresses the advantage of being unsinkable and able to accommodate greater energy and firepower capacity in contrast to vessels, as well as other mobile platforms. The onshore nature of fortresses also gives a different political meaning to being attacked, for the clear violation of sovereignty, as opposed to vessels and aircraft in a disputed space. However, the fact those fortresses are not invincible means cooperation with other existing capabilities still necessary. The case of Vietnam demonstrates how fortresses could strengthen the inferior defence capability of a coastal state vis-à-vis. a stronger sea power.     

The crisis of American military assistance: strategic dithering and Fabergé Egg armies

ABSTRACT

The United States has provided substantial amounts of military assistance and aid since the end of World War Two. During the Cold War, it proved vital in protecting numerous regimes from communist takeovers. Successful outcomes occurred when American leaders made large initial aid commitments, and the states had the capacity and political willpower to use it effectively. However, Vietnam was an example of how U.S. support lagged, as leaders in Saigon preferred political survival instead of creating regime legitimacy. Following 9/11, American security aid focused on making weak countries develop stronger security forces. Unfortunately, this created Fabergé egg militaries: expensive and easily broken by insurgents. This article suggests long-term strategic commitments need to be made alongside more resources for the American State Department and similar organizations to focus on the politics of state-building. Finally, this article suggests strategies, such as “whole-of-government” approaches, to improve long-term security and political institution building.     

火炮身管内膛疵病检测现状与展望

简要回顾了火炮身管内膛疵病的光学检测方法及其局限性,详细介绍了目前重点研究的光电窥膛检测方法,分析了取得的成果和存在的问题。对火炮身管内膛疵病检测的发展方向进行了预测与展望,指出基于机器视觉的研究是一个新的方向。探讨了今后的研究思路,提出首要的任务是在软件方面实现“采集一识别一判定”的自动运行,为此需要重点研究疵病检测的机器视觉图像信息、图像的纹理特征分析技术、疵病评定体系等3方面的内容。     

基于角色的仿真动态建模研究

提出的基于角色的仿真建模方法,详细论述了该方法的建模过程与步骤,阐述了利用角色来达成建模的本质。典型仿真应用表明,该方法在建立仿真动态模型方面是有效可行的,且其具有良好的通用性、封装性、异步并发性及多分辨率特性,能够很好地解决日益复杂的仿真动态模型的建模问题。     

用于多类分类的层次式支持向量机

针对支持向量机存在的训练数据量大导致的训练时间过长和训练数据不平衡导致的分类结果会向训练数据多的类倾斜等问题,提出了适合于多类分类的层次式支持向量机。在训练过程中,首先折衷考虑各类之间的距离和各类的训练数据长度,据此将训练样本分为距离较远且其长度基本平衡的2类,然后逐层进行训练,最终形成二叉树分类结构。仿真实验证明,该方法能够有效地缩短训练和分类时间,且对多类分类中的数据不平衡问题有一定的效果。     

支持向量机在柴油机技术状况评估中的应用

介绍了现有的柴油机技术状况评估方法,分析了这些方法的局限性和支持向量机在处理小样本、非线性、高维数等方面的优势。提出了基于支持向量机的柴油机技术状况评估模型。确定了能够表征柴油机技术状况变化的特征,并通过实车试验提取这些特征;构建了基于支持向量机的柴油机技术状况评估模型,并对部分试验车辆柴油机进行了评估。结果证明：支持向量机在装甲车辆柴油机技术状况评估中的应用是可行的。     

一种GMM-SVM混合说话人辨认模型

文中提出了一种GMM和SVM混合说话人识别模型,在特征参数域和概率得分域对两种模型进行了融合。混合模型结合了GMM和SVM各自的优势,使SVM的概率输出兼顾各说话人模型内部和模型之间的信息,并有效解决了SVM训练算法复杂,难以处理大量样本的问题。采用TIMIT数据库进行了说话人辨认实验,结果证明本文提出的GMM-SVM模型比传统的GMM模型和SVM模型具有更好的辨识性能。     

钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋温度数值计算方法讨论

采用有限元法计算构件截面温度时认为构件材料全部是混凝土,忽略了占截面积比率很小的钢筋,然后以钢筋所在位置的混凝土温度代替为钢筋的温度。人们对这种算法存在的误差大小并不清楚。对400mm×400mm矩形截面钢筋混凝土柱在四面受火条件下的温度场进行了计算,对比了考虑截面上存在钢筋时构件的温度场与不考虑钢筋而认为材料全部是混凝土时构件的温度场。研究发现,当考虑截面上存在钢筋时所得钢筋温度与采用简化方法所得替代温度差别不大,对构件承载力影响很小,说明这种简化的温度场计算方法安全可靠。     

支持向量顺序回归机的线性规划算法

支持向量顺序回归机是标准支持向量分类机的一个推广,它是一个凸的二次规划问题。本文根据l1范数与l2范数等价关系和优化问题的对偶原理,把凸的二次规划转化成线性规划。由此提了支持向量顺序回归机的线性规划算法,进一步用数值实验验证了此算法的可行性和有效性。并与支持向量顺序回归机相比,它的运行时间缩短了,而且误差i不超过支持向量顺序回归机;     

基于椭圆曲线群上的零知识证明

通过研究椭圆曲线群,给出基于其上的2个零知识证明方案,这2个方案均使得甲方向乙方宣称自己拥有某种信息,并通过互动证明使其确信具有该信息,但同时还未泄漏该信息。