Optimal burn‐in procedure for periodically inspected systems

Burn‐in is a widely used method to improve the quality of products or systems after they have been produced. In this paper, we study burn‐in procedure for a system that is maintained under periodic inspection and perfect repair policy. Assuming that the underlying lifetime distribution of a system has an initially decreasing and/or eventually increasing failure rate function, we derive upper and lower bounds for the optimal burn‐in time, which maximizes the system availability. Furthermore, adopting an age replacement policy, we derive upper and lower bounds for the optimal age parameter of the replacement policy for each fixed burn‐in time and a uniform upper bound for the optimal burn‐in time given the age replacement policy. These results can be used to reduce the numerical work for determining both optimal burn‐in time and optimal replacement policy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

超声导波在管道中传播的可视化模拟研究

利用有限元方法建立管道导波3-D模型,通过在管道中激励纵向超声波,模拟导波在管道中的传播形态。根据回波信号的传播时间计算了纵波传播速度,与频散曲线得到的纵波速度符合较好。从观测点取得的波信号能够反映超声波在管道中传播时存在的反射和衰减现象,动画结果能够形象直观地反映导波在管道中传播的情形,实现了导波传播的可视化模拟。该研究有利于更好地解释导波在管道无损检测中出现的频散特征。     

基于最大保障时间的战时装备维修任务调度模型

战时维修机构承担的维修任务比较繁重,合理、科学地安排维修任务可以有效地提高作战部队的战斗力.对此,分析了战时维修任务调度的特点,建立了基于最大保障时间的维修任务静态、动态调度模型,并提出了相应的模型求解方法.利用本方法在满足作战单元最大保障时间前提下,可使得装备维修效益最大,并可以实现实时动态维修任务调度,有效地解决了一种战时维修任务调度问题.     

一类半线性抛物型方程组解的爆破速率估计

研究了一类具有不同类型反应项的半非线性抛物型方程组初边值问题,这类模型主要描述两种物质燃烧过程中的热传递规律。通过运用古典计算技巧和偏微分方程的定性分析手法,得到了这类半非线性抛物型方程组初边值问题解的爆破速率估计。     

Impacts of logistics information on sales: Evidence from Alibaba

Facing fierce competition from rivals, sellers in online marketplaces are eager to improve their sales by delivering items faster and more reliably. Because logistics quality can be known only after a transaction, sellers must identify effective ways to communicate logistics information to consumers. Drawing on the accessibility-diagnosticity framework, we theorize that the sales impacts of logistics information depend on its relative diagnostic value. Using data on 1493 items with 505,785 consumer reviews from an online marketplace, we examine how sales are affected by three information sources for logistics services: online word of mouth (WOM) about logistics, self-reported logistics services, and expected delivery time. We use an instrumental variable method to address the endogeneity issue between sales and WOM. We find that, ceteris paribus, consumers give more weight to WOM about logistics and delivery time when they make purchase decisions but less weight to self-reported logistics service. The effects of logistics information on sales are asymmetric for large and small sellers.     

室内装饰织物燃烧特性研究

室内装饰织物因其容易点燃、燃烧速度快、蔓延迅速等燃烧特性,对室内火灾的发展蔓延及火灾危害都有重要影响。运用锥形量热仪对棉麻、涤纶、帆布、泡纱、条绒等5种室内装饰织物的燃烧性能进行了实验研究,测量了室内装饰织物在不同热辐射条件下的燃烧特性,并对实验数据进行图像拟合,通过具体的实验数据和图像分析比较了5种室内装饰织物在不同热辐射条件下的点燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失速率、比消光面积及CO生成量。最后得出了各种织物的火灾危险性相对大小。     

外语受蚀时间对语言学习策略使用频率的影响

调查外语受蚀时间对语言学习策略使用频率的影响。调查发现,学习者学习策略的使用频率,特别是记忆策略、认知策略和补偿策略的使用频率,随着受蚀时间的增加逐渐降低。     

单洞双层隧道围岩力学特性分析

单洞双层隧道作为一种新的隧道形式,不同于分离式隧道和连拱式隧道。利用ANSYS对单洞双层隧道和分离式隧道开挖后围岩的情况进行数值模拟,分析开挖后围岩的应力和位移变化情况、塑性区分布和安全系数,通过对比得出：在浅埋情况下两种隧道围岩应力和位移分布基本一致,地表沉降和分离式隧道相当;单洞双层隧道对围岩扰动深度较大,边墙是其薄弱部位,应力松弛明显,水平位移较大,塑性区水平方向分布较大。     

A computationally efficient approach for determining inventory levels in a capacitated multiechelon production‐distribution system

The system under study is a single item, two‐echelon production‐inventory system consisting of a capacitated production facility, a central warehouse, and M regional distribution centers that satisfy stochastic demand. Our objective is to determine a system base‐stock level which minimizes the long run average system cost per period. Central to the approach are (1) an inventory allocation model and associated convex cost function designed to allocate a given amount of system inventory across locations, and (2) a characterization of the amount of available system inventory using the inventory shortfall random variable. An exact model must consider the possibility that inventories may be imbalanced in a given period. By assuming inventory imbalances cannot occur, we develop an approximation model from which we obtain a lower bound on the per period expected cost. Through an extensive simulation study, we analyze the quality of our approximation, which on average performed within 0.50% of the lower bound. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 377–398, 2000     

在具有不确定样本下平均故障间隔时间的估计方法

针对武器系统和产品的可靠性试验中的不确定因素,对试验没有完成的情况,研究利用非传统的统计分析法估计武器装备平均故障间隔时间.