Trade credit contract in the presence of retailer investment opportunity

This paper presents a model for designing a trade credit contract between a supplier and a retailer that would coordinate a supply chain in the presence of investment opportunity for the retailer. Specifically, we study a newsvendor model where the supplier offers a trade credit contract to the retailer who, by delaying the payment, can invest the accounts payable amount and earn returns. We find that when the channel partners have symmetric information about the retailer's investment return, a conditionally concessional trade credit (CTC) contract, which includes a wholesale price, an interest‐free period, and a minimum order requirement, can achieve channel coordination. We then extend the model to the information asymmetry setting in which the retailer's investment return is unobservable by the supplier. We show that, although the CTC contract cannot achieve the coordination in this setting, it can effectively improve channel efficiency as well as profitability for individual partners.     

并联TBCC动力对高超声速飞行器性能的影响

针对马赫数为6的一级高超声速巡航飞行器的动力需求,提出涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合动力（T/RJ/DMSJ）和射流预冷涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合动力(PCT/RJ/DMSJ)两种方案。在给定的飞行任务下,分析起飞推重比分别为0.8和1.0时,飞行器完成任务时的航程和飞行时间,并对比了PCT/RJ/DMSJ在两种工作模态下的性能。研究结果表明：在相同的起飞推重比下,两种组合动力方案的航程和飞行时间相差不大。当起飞推重比为0.8时,采用PCT/RJ/DMSJ组合动力方案比T/RJ/DMSJ组合动力方案的航程高出3.6%,飞行时间高出3.8%;当起飞推重比为1.0时,PCT/RJ/DMSJ的航程和飞行时间比T/RJ/DMSJ的分别高出4.6%和4.8%。在小推重比下,跨声速段的燃料消耗和飞行时间占整个加速爬升段的比例较大,随着推重比的增加,这个比例减小,巡航可用的燃料比例增大,巡航距离增加,提高起飞推重比可以提高超声速飞行器的航程并缩短飞行时间。     

Adaptive random search for continuous simulation optimization

We present, analyze, and compare three random search methods for solving stochastic optimization problems with uncountable feasible regions. Our adaptive search with resampling (ASR) approach is a framework for designing provably convergent algorithms that are adaptive and may consequently involve local search. The deterministic and stochastic shrinking ball (DSB and SSB) approaches are also convergent, but they are based on pure random search with the only difference being the estimator of the optimal solution [the DSB method was originally proposed and analyzed by Baumert and Smith]. The three methods use different techniques to reduce the effects of noise in the estimated objective function values. Our ASR method achieves this goal through resampling of already sampled points, whereas the DSB and SSB approaches address it by averaging observations in balls that shrink with time. We present conditions under which the three methods are convergent, both in probability and almost surely, and provide a limited computational study aimed at comparing the methods. Although further investigation is needed, our numerical results suggest that the ASR approach is promising, especially for difficult problems where the probability of identifying good solutions using pure random search is small. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Scheduling with variable time slot costs

In this article, we study a class of new scheduling models where time slot costs have to be taken into consideration. In such models, processing a job will incur certain cost which is determined by the time slots occupied by the job in a schedule. The models apply when operational costs vary over time. The objective of the scheduling models is to minimize the total time slot costs plus a traditional scheduling performance measure. We consider the following performance measures: total completion time, maximum lateness/tardiness, total weighted number of tardy jobs, and total tardiness. We prove the intractability of the models under general parameters and provide polynomial‐time algorithms for special cases with non‐increasing time slot costs.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋温度数值计算方法讨论

采用有限元法计算构件截面温度时认为构件材料全部是混凝土,忽略了占截面积比率很小的钢筋,然后以钢筋所在位置的混凝土温度代替为钢筋的温度。人们对这种算法存在的误差大小并不清楚。对400mm×400mm矩形截面钢筋混凝土柱在四面受火条件下的温度场进行了计算,对比了考虑截面上存在钢筋时构件的温度场与不考虑钢筋而认为材料全部是混凝土时构件的温度场。研究发现,当考虑截面上存在钢筋时所得钢筋温度与采用简化方法所得替代温度差别不大,对构件承载力影响很小,说明这种简化的温度场计算方法安全可靠。     

基于两阶段感染过程分析的蠕虫传播模型SSI

合理的蠕虫传播模型可以准确地描述蠕虫类恶意代码在网络中的传播行为,有助于在开展蠕虫防护、检测和抑制技术的研究时更深入地分析蠕虫的传播机制。通过引入和分析蠕虫的感染时间这个在经典的传染病模型研究中被忽略的重要因素,使用确定性建模分析方法推导得出SSI蠕虫传播模型,合理地反映网络中的脆弱性主机在蠕虫传播时可能的状态转换。模拟仿真表明,SSI模型可以相对准确地描述蠕虫类恶意代码在网络中的传播过程。     

一种无线传感器网络中的Sybil攻击检测方案

Sybil攻击破坏无线传感器网络中的数据融合、公平资源分配等机制,因此对Sybil攻击的防范与检测具有很重要的意义。将一种基于到达时间差（TDOA）的三维定位引入到Sybil攻击的检测中,算法可以检测存在的Sybil攻击并对Sybil节点进行定位。通过性能分析证明该算法具有开销小、有效性高的特点。     

某型自行火炮传动系统延迟时间维修建模实例研究

对某型自行火炮底盘传动系统维修保障现状和维修数据进行分析,引入延迟时间概念及其维修建模方法,建立延迟时间维修优化模型,提出主客观数据相结合的贝叶斯参数估计方法。考虑到设备的客观数据不足的情况,首先利用主观数据进行参数估计,在此基础上,再通过逐步完善的客观数据进行参数修正。最后,在一些满足实际情况的假定条件下,运用建立的延迟时间费用模型对检测周期进行了优化分析。     

一类具有时滞的病毒动力学模型分析

研究一类具有时滞的病毒动力学模型。研究了系统解的有界性;讨论了各个非负平衡点的局部稳定性,应用比较定理得到了各非负平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件。     

基于椭圆曲线群上的零知识证明

通过研究椭圆曲线群,给出基于其上的2个零知识证明方案,这2个方案均使得甲方向乙方宣称自己拥有某种信息,并通过互动证明使其确信具有该信息,但同时还未泄漏该信息。