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Maria Raquel Freire Paula Duarte Lopes Daniela Nascimento 《African Security Review》2016,25(3):223-241
Despite its many institutional and political weaknesses and limitations, the African Union (AU) has been developing a variety of tools and mechanisms to respond effectively to complex disasters and emergencies (both natural and manmade) by building up a comprehensive regional security architecture. Furthermore, it has become the first and only regional or international organisation to enshrine the principle of ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P) in its Constitutive Act. This regional approach to and formal endorsement of the R2P principle allowed it to assume a particular place in the promotion of peace and security in its area. This article aims to critically assess the effectiveness of the AU on the African continent by exploring its real capacity in preventing and responding to emergencies and violent conflicts, and therefore in rendering the principle of R2P operational. The article argues that the formalisation of principles does not necessarily mean their effective implementation. The organisation's use of the R2P principle is also greatly conditioned by internal and external factors. 相似文献
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Edward Kissi 《African Security Review》2016,25(3):242-257
As empathetic as distant nations may feel about an ongoing or looming catastrophe in a particular region of Africa, they are too far removed from the horror to grasp its gravity and impact. Geographical proximity to the atrocity, and the likelihood of its spreading to their neighbourhoods, make the communities and neighbouring countries in the imploding region the best and most effective first responders to a crisis in their own backyard. A response from ‘communal’ or ‘regional’ groups is, therefore, the most practical measure for preventing human rights violations in Africa from descending into an actual genocide or an intractable genocidal condition. A community approach to preventing genocide and other human rights abuses should serve as the foundation for a new concept of ‘moral pan-Africanism’ on the African continent in the 21st century. This article makes an argument for this genocide prevention model and new moral concept. 相似文献
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给出了脱靶量的定义,建立了小口径高炮虚拟校射脱靶量的一维数学模型,分析了脱耙量的统计性质,在此基础上运用贝叶斯估计理论,推导出校正量的最优估计量方程,并进行了相应分析.脱靶量可以作为一种离散的随机序列,任何一种特定的脱靶量序列均可表示为某种蜕化的广义马尔柯夫序列;脱靶量状态的最优估计问题是:基于观测输出{x(k);k=0,1,2,…}先验信息求取状态X(k)的最优滤波估计^X(k/k),使估计误差的方差最小,从而大大提高小高炮的射击精度. 相似文献
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《防务技术》2020,16(1):18-28
Under the background of vigorously developing facilities of island/reef in the world, the economic value and strategic significance of the island/reef have become increasingly important. Unfortunately, they may easily become the attacking target of missiles in the war time. Therefore, aiming at the damage quantification of the targets in the island/reef under the missile attacking, a macroscopic damage assessment model for the target area is proposed in this paper. The model focuses on the construction of the assessment model framework. Firstly, the analytic hierarchy process and the grey relational analysis are applied to measure the importance of each target in the region through four indicators of the target hazard, striking urgency, damage advantage and mission relevance, respectively. Secondly, based on the damage mechanism of shock wave and fragments to target, the corresponding damage model is established, and the damage grade of each target in the evaluated area is obtained according to the damage criteria and grading standard. Finally, the model obtains the overall damage grade of the target area by employing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, with synthesizing the importance and the damage grade of each target. Through the verification of an example, it demonstrates the certain feasibility of the model and provides a certain basis and reference for the subsequent research. 相似文献
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双机编队协同制导的火控机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对半主动雷达中制导的远距空空导弹在制导过程中对载机的强依赖性问题,提出了双机协同制导的概念;首次给出了双机协同制导的过程描述.分析了长、僚机制导过程中对导弹导引和目标跟踪过程中的各计算要素;提出了长机对目标预测并进行数据传递,僚机再通过预测值对目标实施机动和照射的协同制导思想. 相似文献
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朱江 《中国人民武装警察部队学院学报》2009,25(2):40-43
总结分析了近年国内外重大隧道火灾事故,简述了隧道火灾的特点、危害性及其烟气控制方法,回顾了国内外对隧道火灾的研究现状。着重介绍了计算流体动力学(CFD)在隧道通风安全中的应用。同时总结了国内外在研究隧道火灾方面应用CFD模拟所作的一些基本工作,并描述近来在隧道安全工程的一些典型应用。 相似文献
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目前,我国城市消防远程监控系统建设工作已经全面推广,该系统在运用市场手段推进消防工作社会化,提高城市预防和抵御火灾综合能力,提高消防部队快速反应能力、单位消防安全管理水平、消防监督执法效率和消防社会化水平等方面具有十分重要的意义和作用。由于系统主要由中介组织运营,进一步规范中介组织的法律地位和责任,引入市场竞争机制,逐步拓展其服务项目,不断研发新技术从而提高系统的可靠性是当前面临和亟待解决的问题。 相似文献