关于电磁场理论中电矢势的再认识

经典电磁场理论认为只有电磁场本身有直接的物理意义。运动电荷受到电场力和磁场力的作用,是只有电场强度E和磁感应强度B对运动电荷有作用,而不是电矢势A,在一般人们的观念中电矢势A始终只被看作是数学上的需要而引入的。随着Aharonov-Bohm效应的发现,人们发现对磁场的描述只用B是不够的,它不能解释电子在外磁场中的干涉和散射等现象。带电粒子在外磁场中的动力学行为是否会受到矢势A的直接影响;矢势A的影响是否可以独立于磁感应强度B出现干涉的量子效应,文中将对电磁场理论中电矢势A进行深入分析和探讨,对矢势A进行重新认识并赋以新的定义。     

槽头式野战管线水击波速测量研究

液体管道的水击波速受流体压力、温度、分子结构、含气量及管线几何尺寸、管材等因素的影响,准确地确定管线的水击波速是一个相当困难的问题,通过实验测量水击波速是一个常用方法。管线水击波速的常用测量方法有波前法和周期法。综合运用波前法和周期法,设计了实验测量野战管线的水击波速,并将实验结果与笔者先前提出的水击波速计算公式的计算结果作了对比,验证了公式的有效性。     

隐身飞机RCS测量与成像方法研究综述

隐身飞机已逐步成为大国重器,并将持续发挥重要影响,隐身技术也已成为飞行器设计的关键技术。隐身飞机的雷达散射截面积(radar cross section, RCS)测量是设计、制造、维护隐身飞机的必要手段。从缩比模型的RCS测试、全尺寸飞机室外RCS测试、全尺寸飞机室内近场测试三个方面,回顾了隐身飞机RCS测量的基本流程,总结了隐身飞机RCS近场测量的理论基础,并着重对具有成像诊断功能的近场RCS测量技术进行了梳理与分析。对隐身飞机RCS测量的应用趋势和关键技术进行了总结与展望, 有利于对隐身飞机RCS测量形成总体性了解,并把握RCS测量的发展方向。     

Modeling of the whole process of shock wave overpressure of free-field air explosion

The waveform of the explosion shock wave under free-field air explosion is an extremely complex problem. It is generally considered that the waveform consists of overpressure peak, positive pressure zone and negative pressure zone. Most of current practice usually considers only the positive pressure. Many empirical relations are available to predict overpressure peak, the positive pressure action time and pressure decay law. However, there are few models that can predict the whole waveform. The whole process of explosion shock wave overpressure, which was expressed as the product of the three factor functions of peak, attenuation and oscillation, was proposed in the present work. According to the principle of explosion similarity, the scaled parameters were introduced and the empirical formula was absorbed to form a mathematical model of shock wave overpressure. Parametric numerical simulations of free-field air explosions were conducted. By experimental verification of the AUTODYN numerical method and comparing the analytical and simulated curves, the model is proved to be accurate to calculate the shock wave overpressure under free-field air explosion. In addition, through the model the shock wave overpressure at different time and distance can be displayed in three dimensions. The model makes the time needed for theoretical calculation much less than that for numerical simulation.     

Effect of tongue clearance on hydraulic performance of double support vortex pump

In order to study influence of tongue clearance on the hydraulic performance of double support vortex pump, three dimensional flow model with symmetric variable size tongue clearance was established by changing section parameter of tongue clearance, and applied to numerically simulate the steady inner flow in a vortex pump based on fixed working conditions and impeller through ANSYS FLUENT. The numerical results show the influence of tongue channel with two sections (non-uniform and uniform sections) on flow field characteristics in vortex pump. Firstly, the variation of tongue channel section changes the vortex structure distribution in circumferential flow channel. Specifically the spiral forward vortex structure in the circumferential direction shifts to large radius side with increasing tongue width. Secondly, the circumferential velocity gradient and axial pressure gradient both diminish with the increase of the tongue section, and the inlet/outlet pressure difference and velocity distribution also reduce with increasing tongue channel section. Finally, for vortex pump with non-uniform section of tongue channel, the head diminishes and the efficiency remains constant approximately with the increase of the tongue width, while the head and the efficiency both diminish for uniform section of tongue channel.     

温度对舰船阴极保护和腐蚀静电场的影响

海水中氧溶解量和海水电导率是影响海水腐蚀性能的重要因素,而这两个因素主要取决于海水的盐度和温度。采用边界元法建立舰船外加电流阴极保护和腐蚀静电场模型,研究不同海水温度下氧溶解量、电导率及氧的扩散系数对舰船腐蚀防腐静电场的影响。结果表明,腐蚀电场峰值随着温度的升高而减小,当两对阳极输出电流分别为13.5 A和8 A时,船体和舵在低温处于过保护状态而在高温处于欠保护状态,螺旋桨和轴在不同温度下均能得到较好的保护。     

同轴环缝气流作用下锥形液膜线性稳定性分析

为了分析气液同轴离心式喷嘴的雾化机理,对同轴气体作用下的锥形液膜进行时间稳定性分析,推导同轴气体作用下锥形液膜的色散方程,建立离心式喷嘴出口参数预测模型,用于数值求解色散方程。结果表明：喷嘴出口液膜厚度随着喷注压降的增加而减小,喷雾锥角、液膜速度和轴向速度随着喷注压降的增加而增大。同轴气体作用下液膜由正弦模式的表面波主导,因为正弦模式的表面波增长率远大于曲张模式的表面波增长率。当环缝气体喷注速度较小时,增加气体速度会减小气液相对速度,从而减弱气液相互作用,使得液膜主导表面波增长率和频率减小、破碎时间和破碎长度增加。而当环缝气体速度超过一个临界值后,随着气体速度的增大,液膜主导表面波增长率和频率迅速增大,破碎时间和破碎长度迅速减小。     

目次

为改善等离子体合成射流激励器在稀薄空气环境中的控制效果,增强其临近空间环境适应性,开展了腔体增压条件下激励器工作特性的研究。建立了腔体增压效果理论分析模型,计算结果表明:采用高压气源供气可以较好地提升激励器腔体气压,并且腔体气压对高压气源气压具有较好的跟随性,从而为射流强度调节提供了一种新的方式。搭建了腔体增压等离子体合成射流激励器实验系统,开展了腔体增压压力和射流流场特性测量,实验测量结果与计算结果吻合良好,误差小于2.6%。高速纹影观测显示:在腔体增压作用下,激励器控制力得到显著改善,射流锋面峰值速度由256 m/s提升至507 m/s。     

天海一体化水下重力辅助导航研究进展

水下航行器精确导航在海洋利用和开发过程中发挥了重要作用。关于抑制水下导航误差随时间累积的问题,进行了详细阐述和分析:简述了惯性器件的发展历程;详细对比了各导航系统的优劣性,着重介绍了国内外重力辅助导航研究现状,分析了针对目前水下航行器高精度导航的需求,以及全球海洋重力基准图空间分辨率不足的科学难题;提出了通过GNSS-R测高星座获得高空间分辨率和高精度全球海洋重力基准图的思路及技术路线,以期提高水下重力辅助导航精度。     

并联放电等离子体合成射流激励器工作特性

等离子体合成射流激励器凭借射流速度高、工作频带宽、响应迅速等优势在高速流场主动流动控制领域具有良好的应用前景。为了克服单个激励器控制能力弱、控制范围窄的缺点,开展了并联放电等离子体合成射流激励器的研究,搭建了最多支持三路并联放电的微秒脉冲电源。测试结果表明,电源在空载及负载条件下可以实现1000 Hz稳定放电。随着放电电容的增大,放电电能的提高,等离子体电弧的温度升高,激励器腔体内气体被加热得更剧烈,产生的射流速度增大。随着工作频率的提高,激励器的击穿电压降低,放电电能减小,射流速度减小。通过对触发信号的调制,可以实现每个激励器的独立控制,使得并联式激励器具有更强的流动控制灵活性。试验结果显示,激励器工作相位与触发相位具有较好的对应关系。