舰船复合材料局部结构细节设计方法

由于复合材料结构具有各向异性、组份复杂、可设计变量多等特性,有效的复合材料结构设计应同时考虑整体结构宏观设计和局部结构细节设计,两者虽密切关联,但在分析方法上存在一定差异。对此,将整体结构简化分析与局部结构细节设计联系起来,重点针对局部结构细节设计方法进行探讨,提出了一种细节设计方法。该方法基于子模型与试验工况模型的对比分析,通过局部结构试件试验对整体结构承载特性进行了综合评价。以某型船复合材料甲板室结构设计为例,通过整体简化模型优化分析确定板架构件尺度参量和铺层设计方案;提取典型局部结构承载形变特征要求,并基于子模型分析技术探讨局部结构细节设计;最后,以局部结构试验验证与考核完成整体结构的优化设计。计算结果表明:该方法能在有效控制设计成本的同时,合理开展复合材料结构设计工作,可供研究和设计者参考。     

The UK defence electronics industry: adjusting to change

The electronics industry provides components and capabilities that are critical to modern defence requirements. It is anticipated that the effectiveness of both weapons systems and the command and control network that supports military operations will become increasingly dependent upon the electronics sub‐systems they employ in the future. With the ascendancy of ‘network centric warfare’, it seems certain that defence electronics will continue to grow in importance in the future, enabling far‐reaching advances in military capability and efficiency. Yet little is known about the structure, conduct, performance and competitiveness of the UK defence electronics sector as it prepares to meet the challenges ahead. This paper reports the findings of a study commissioned in 2002 by Intellect, the UK defence electronics trade association, and supported by the Department of Trade and Industry. The UK defence electronics industry is found to be a high technology, R&D‐intensive and decreasing cost industry, which is competitive in world defence markets. The UK industry faces major competitive threats in the future from established US and European firms and from potential new entrants from China, India, Israel, Singapore, South Korea and Turkey. The future competitiveness of the UK defence electronics industry will depend on maintaining both technical advantage and open access to the large US market.     

SLOWING DOWN TO KEEP THE LEAD IN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY

We develop a model of military technology competition among states. States can choose to introduce new military technology, mimic rivals’ level of technology, or withdraw from the contest. States can choose to implement any level of technology within their current feasible technologies. We find that states with significant technological leads should sometimes withhold new technologies, only strategically releasing them to trump rivals’ efforts. We develop the model by refining Admiral Jackie Fisher’s roughly articulated concept of ‘plunging’. We then use this refined argument to reanalyze the case of naval rivalries among European powers between the Crimean War and the First World War. Finally, we conclude by discussing the model’s implications for current US military force structure planning.     

瞄准镜与枪械连接结构与连接位置研究

通过对皮卡汀尼导轨和燕尾式导轨连接结构的分析,提出瞄准镜与枪械连接结构应具有的特点,即结合瞄具方便快捷、瞄具位置可调、具有自动补偿磨损机制和良好的抗冲击性能,并据此提出新的枪-瞄连接结构设计方案．同时,应用瞄准原理分析枪械上瞄准镜座的高低、方向及前后位置对射击精度和瞄准镜分划刻制的影响．     

进入角约束下的载机变结构远距引导

针对一般导引律在载机远距引导中存在的问题,结合远距引导的需求,设计了远距引导的三维变结构导引律。该导引律具有较强自适应性,可以使载机以期望的进入角接近目标。仿真结果表明,载机在该导引律作用下,能以较小过载,平滑轨迹快速接近机动目标,并保证载机引导结束时占有有利的空中战术态势。     

面向蛋白质功能预测中有向无环图标记结构的多示例多标记学习

在多示例多标记学习问题中,标记之间往往是相互关联的,其中有向无环图结构是一种常见的层次关联结构,可见于蛋白质的基因本体学生物学功能预测的应用场景中。针对其标记间的有向无环图结构,提出了一种新的多示例多标记学习算法。算法从原始数据的特征空间训练出所有标记共享的低维子空间,通过随机梯度下降方法来降低模型排序损失,并融入标记间有向无环图结构关系对预测标记进行优化。将该算法应用于多个数据集的蛋白质功能预测中,实验结果表明,该算法具有更高的效率及预测性能。     

建（构）筑物消防员职业技能培训鉴定工作探析

建（构）筑物消防员普遍存在职业素质偏低、缺乏专业培训、消防科技水平不高、无职业技能等级等问题,是导致火灾事故频发和造成惨重经济损失及人员伤亡的重要原因。对建（构）筑物消防员实行持证上岗,是推进消防工作社会化进程的当务之急。结合工作实践,分析了当前建（构）筑物消防员队伍现状,阐述了开展消防职业技能鉴定的必要性、可行性和实际操作中存在的问题,并提出了相应的应对策略。     

幼教专业学生幼儿性教育知识结构现状与建议——基于福建省一所学校的调查

幼儿性教育是成年后性心理教育的基础。采用问卷调查法对幼高专幼教专业学生幼儿性教育本体性知识和实践性知识进行了现状调查,调查显示幼高专幼教专业学生所掌握的与幼儿性教育有关的本体性知识不全面、实践知识也不合理;同时,学生本体性知识的缺乏又使得幼儿性教育难于实施。在此基础上,本文提出发展学生幼儿性教育知识结构的途径:幼儿性教育课程化;重视以学生为主体的性教育教学实践,引导学生主动建构幼儿性教育知识结构。     

新疆少数民族大学生就业能力结构维度研究

以新疆地区的6所高校少数民族大学生为研究对象进行问卷调查,采用分层整群抽样、数理统计的方法。得出新疆少数民族大学生就业能力的结构维度。包括专业知识能力、实践能力、自我学习发展能力、人际交往能力、情绪调适能力、职业发展能力。新疆少数民族大学生就业能力六个维度的确定,有助于我们有针对性地开展就业指导工作,促进更高质量的就业。