The practice and theory of British counterinsurgency: the histories of the atrocities at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul, 1938–1939

This article details two largely unreported atrocities by British forces operating against Arab rebels during the Arab revolt, 1936–9, at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul. It then examines the military-legal system that underpinned and authorised British military forces operating in aid of the civil power, suggesting that the law in place at the time allowed for a level of reprisals and punitive actions, such as happened at al-Bassa and Halhul. The article does not conclude that the law allowed for atrocities but it does argue that it gave a basic form and understanding to an operational method that was brutal and could lead to atrocities. It thus tests the idea in much of the literature on counterinsurgency that the British were restrained and used minimum force when compared to other colonial and neo-colonial powers fighting insurgents.     

The virtual dimension of contemporary insurgency and counterinsurgency

This paper looks at the virtual dimension of contemporary insurgency and counterinsurgency. It argues that the West is faltering in the ‘War of Ideas’ with global Jihad for the main reason that the messages that we wish to convey lack narrative coherence. This is a result of the fact that we misapprehend the nature of the virtual operational environment whereas our opponents possess an intuitive grasp of it as a result of which their structure and method of operations are better adapted and more effective than our own. There is no reason, beyond inertia, that this should remain the case.     

Colonial violence and its ‘Small Wars’: fighting the Kuki ‘guerillas’ during the Great War in Northeast India, 1917–1919

ABSTRACT

This paper concerns the lesser known British counterinsurgency (COIN) operations in Northeast frontier of India during the First World War. Officially known as the ‘Kuki Operations’, it was considered as part of the Great War. Carried out in isolation from press and public, and shelved in colonial archives, the event remained invisible until today. Yet, it registers a critical case of colonial COIN doctrine where the ‘moral effect’ doctrine was employed without being questioned. It unleashed enormous amount of organized violence, ranging from shoot at sight to indiscriminate burning of villages, wholesale destruction of property and livestock, prevention of cultivation and rebuilding of villages, forced mass displacement in jungles or in ‘concentration camps’, and collective punishment (communal penal labour and payment of compensation) after the war. This paper argues that the theory of ‘minimum force’ and the practicability of the ‘moral effect’ doctrine as applied by the Empire, sit oddly with each other at the frontier, where violence was seen both as a natural and moral orders. Violence as an ‘imperatively necessary’ method to bring order in a disorderly frontier, in the opinion of colonial state, informs and registers Northeast India as geography of violence.     

One size does not fit all: personalized incentives in military compensation

A critical element in implementing a compensation scheme including nonmonetary incentives (NMIs) is recognizing that preferences vary widely across Service members. There are at least three sources of variability: across different population classes, across individuals within a population class, and across NMI packages for a particular individual. Surveys across different military communities, ranks, and years of Service show the difficulty of identifying any NMI that has significant value for even 50% of the active duty force. At the same time, approximately 80% of the surveyed Service members expressed a significant positive value for at least one NMI. Therefore, one-size-fits-all incentive packages will not be nearly as effective as more personalized incentive packages. The authors discuss variability in Service member NMI preferences and outline an approach to implementing personalized NMI packages in military compensation through a sealed-bid reverse auction, where Service members select individual NMIs from a “cafeteria-style” menu of options.     

火箭助飞鱼雷发控及弹道仿真

针对水面舰艇反潜武器系统研制、火箭助飞鱼雷作战使用研究中对助飞鱼雷的仿真需求,重点研究了助飞鱼雷发射控制仿真方法和空中弹道仿真方法,突破了不同工况不同射程下发动机关机时间建模技术、保证大范围飞行一致性的火箭自适应控制器设计技术。应用表明,所形成的助飞鱼雷武器通道仿真模型能有效模拟助飞鱼雷从发射控制到弹道航行到命中目标的全过程以及作战效果,能够支撑助飞鱼雷发控算法研究以及作战使用研究。     

Analysis on the resistive force in penetration of a rigid projectile

According to the dimensionless formulae of DOP (depth of penetration) of a rigid projectile into different targets, the resistive force which a target exerts on the projectile during the penetration of rigid projectile is theoretically analyzed. In particular, the threshold V_c of impact velocity applicable for the assumption of constant resistive force is formulated through impulse analysis. The various values of V_c corresponding to different pairs of projectile-target are calculated, and the consistency of the relative test data and numerical results is observed.     

遥控武器站的自抗扰控制

遥控武器站系统是一个具有强后坐力、变摩擦力和变转动惯量的非线性系统,采用自抗扰控制技术对该系统进行稳定控制.系统利用自抗扰控制器的扩张状态观测器,对系统未建模特性和不确定性外扰进行动态估计和反馈补偿,提高了系统的抗干扰能力.实物系统稳定控制实验结果表明,所设计的自抗扰控制器具有良好的动态品质和较强的抗干扰性能,系统实现...     

基于制导与控制一体化的导弹编队队形控制

为了提高导弹编队协同作战队形控制能力,研究了基于制导与控制一体化思想的编队队形控制器设计问题。根据领弹-从弹的动力学以及运动学方程,推导出了领弹-从弹的相对运动模型,建立了领弹姿态信息与从弹舵偏角之间的关系,将从弹通道间的耦合项作为不确定项进行处理,并利用自适应神经网络理论设计了补偿器,对不确定项进行了处理。根据反演理论设计了编队队形控制器,能够对导弹编队队形进行有效的控制。     

基于LES的三维桅杆绕流的数值实验研究

以舰船棱柱形的全封闭桅杆为研究对象,利用计算流体力学软件ANSYS ICEMCFD和ANSYSCFX对模型进行数值实验。在雷诺数为5.74×105和7.66×105,桅杆的攻角从0°变化到90°,以15°为间隔的条件下,研究了表面倾斜且前后不对称的四边形棱柱状结构在均匀流场中所受的流体载荷。通过对桅杆绕流进行数值模拟,得到了漩涡发放随时间的变化规律;发现模型由于表面倾斜的原因,除了受到阻力和升力外,还受到垂直方向上的垂向力,这在以往的柱状结构中是没有的;同时分析了模型所受的定常力和脉动力系数随雷诺数和攻角的变化规律。     

减摇鳍模糊免疫自适应PID控制器设计及仿真研究

针对船舶横摇的非线性模型,利用免疫反馈机理,设计了一种减摇鳍模糊免疫自适应PID控制器。控制器将模糊控制与PID控制相结合,采用Fuzzy推理,对非线性函数进行模糊逼近,用模糊免疫P调节器实时整定PID控制器的比例增益,采用常规模糊控制器在线调整免疫PID控制器的积分时间常数和微分时间常数。通过对船舶减摇鳍控制系统的仿真,可以看出采用模糊免疫自适应PID控制器其控制效果远优于常规PID控制器,使减摇鳍的减摇效果得到显著提高。