Variable sampling plans for normal distribution indexed by Taguchi's loss function

Taguchi has presented an approach to quality improvement in which reduction of deviation from the target value is the guiding principle. In this approach any measured value x of a product characteristic X brings a loss to consumer in general, where the loss is expressed as a quadratic form with respect to the difference between the measured value x and the target value T of a product characteristic. Then, it is natural to reject the lot which may bring a large loss to consumer. This concept induces us to construct new variable sampling plans based on the Taguchi's loss criterion. In this article, a design procedure of the sampling plans for assuring the loss in the Taguchi's method is proposed. Some numerical results based on the proposed design procedures are illustrated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 44: 591–603 (1997)     

The loss‐averse newsvendor problem with supply options

In this article, we consider a loss‐averse newsvendor with stochastic demand. The newsvendor might procure options when demand is unknown, and decide how many options to execute only after demand is revealed. If the newsvendor reserves too many options, he would incur high reservation costs. Yet reserving too few could result in lost sales. So the newsvendor faces a trade‐off between reservation costs and losing sales. When there are multiple options available, the newsvendor has to consider how many units of each to reserve by studying the trade‐off between flexibility and costs. We show how the newsvendor's loss aversion behavior affects his ordering decision, and propose an efficient algorithm to compute his optimal solution in the general case with n options. We also present examples showing how the newsvendor's ordering strategy changes as loss aversion rises. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 62:46–59, 2015     

Selling to strategic and loss‐averse consumers: Stocking,procurement, and product design policies

Motivated by the presence of loss‐averse decision making behavior in practice, this article considers a supply chain consisting of a firm and strategic consumers who possess an S‐shaped loss‐averse utility function. In the model, consumers decide the purchase timing and the firm chooses the inventory level. We find that the loss‐averse consumers' strategic purchasing behavior is determined by their perceived gain and loss from strategic purchase delay, and the given rationing risk. Thus, the firm that is cognizant of this property tailors its inventory stocking policy based on the consumers' loss‐averse behavior such as their perceived values of gain and loss, and their sensitivity to them. We also demonstrate that the firm's equilibrium inventory stocking policy reflects both the economic logic of the traditional newsvendor inventory model, and the loss‐averse behavior of consumers. The equilibrium order quantity is significantly different from those derived from models that assume that the consumers are risk neutral and homogeneous in their valuations. We show that the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior tends to keep an unnecessarily high inventory level that leads to excessive leftovers. Our numerical experiments further reveal that in some extreme cases the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior generates almost 92% more leftovers than the firm that possesses consumers’ loss‐aversion information and takes it into account when making managerial decisions. To mitigate the consumer's forward‐looking behavior, we propose the adoption of the practice of agile supply chain management, which possesses the following attributes: (i) procuring inventory after observing real‐time demand information, (ii) enhanced design (which maintains the current production mix but improves the product performance to a higher level), and (iii) customized design (which maintains the current performance level but increases the variety of the current production line to meet consumers’ specific demands). We show that such a practice can induce the consumer to make early purchases by increasing their rationing risk, increasing the product value, or diversifying the product line. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 435–453, 2015     

油料洞库油罐通气管道设计分析

油料洞库油罐通气管道是油罐进行大呼吸、小呼吸的通道,使油罐气体空间的正负压力处于规定的压力范围,达到保护油罐安全的作用。通过计算油罐阻火器和油罐通气管道的压力损失,结合油罐呼吸阀的压力等级、油罐收发油流量等参数,分析了不同油罐通气管道管径对油罐内正负压力的影响,提出了油罐通气管道管径的选择原则。最后就油罐通气管道内油气的燃爆特性,提出了油罐通气管道的材质要求及其附设的抗爆振性要求。     

摩擦条件对纳米铜润滑添加剂减摩性能影响的研究

研究了摩擦速度、载荷和摩擦表面处理方式等摩擦条件,对纳米铜润滑添加剂减摩性能的影响,发现摩擦速度较高时,载荷增加使摩擦因数明显降低;在低载荷时摩擦速度的减小,使摩擦因数降低了17%,载荷增大后摩擦速度的变化,对摩擦因数的影响减小.摩擦表面抛光处理,使摩擦因数降低为磨削处理时的74%.     

超精密扭轮摩擦传动动力学研究

为了进行超精密定位，人们提出了运用扭轮摩擦传动。本文针对这种结构对其传动原理与动力学特性进行了分析，得出了新的结论。     

幅相误差对稀疏阵天线性能的影晌

围绕天线阵增益、波束宽度、指向和副瓣电平等指标，分析了幅相误差、阵元失效对稀疏阵列天线性能的影响。应用概率统计原理，导出了具有幅相误差、阵元失效时稀疏阵天线阵增益损失、波束宽度、指向、副瓣电平的估计公式、并得出一些有益结论。     

螺栓法兰连接结构有限元模型参数确定方法

螺栓法兰连接广泛用于各种工业结构中,为准确预测该连接在实际工作中发挥的作用,需要建立准确高效的有限元模型。针对有限元建模过程中模型各种参数的确定问题,综合使用数值仿真手段和试验手段分别对模型网格参数和接触参数的确定开展研究。参数确定后的螺栓法兰连接结构有限元模型在保证计算精度的前提下,计算效率得到显著提高。     

环境温度变化对导引头伺服机构摩擦力矩影响分析及实验研究

建立包含框架热致耦合变形的导引头伺服机构摩擦力矩分析模型,重点研究环境温度变化对角接触轴承几何参数及摩擦力矩的影响。以反射镜式导引头为例进行摩擦力矩分析,结果表明:随着温度的降低,润滑脂黏度的上升是导致伺服机构在低温时摩擦力矩剧烈上升的主要原因,框架耦合变形占比较小。搭建基于电测法的摩擦力矩测试系统,用快速温变实验箱模拟环境温度,测量伺服机构摩擦力矩并与理论计算结果进行对比分析,实验证明摩擦力矩实验结果与理论模型计算结果一致。     

不同增强体镁基复合材料的阻尼性能

研究了短切碳纤维、碳化硅晶须、硼酸铝晶须为增强体的镁基复合材料在外加载荷下的阻尼性能,测量了它们的力学性能与断口特性。研究表明：增强体不同的镁基复合材料,阻尼性能不同;在所研究的几种增强体复合材料中,以短切碳纤维增强镁基复合材料的阻尼效果最好;短切碳纤维增强铁基复合材料界面对内耗有明显的影响。