航空燃料冰点快速测定方法

冰点是表征航空燃料低温使用性能的重要指标。常规冰点测定方法操作步骤复杂,测定时间长,影响航空燃料质量检测效率。基于光散射原理,将温度传感和光电检测技术应用于航空燃料冰点测定,利用燃料结晶对光散射和透射的影响,实现航空燃料冰点快速测定。该方法操作简单快速,检测1个油样用时少于15 min,大幅提高了冰点检测效率;试样体积仅需2 mL,有利于试验环境保护;测定结果重复性好,与标准方法 GB/T2430—2008具有良好的相关性。     

Iran's nuclear programme: civil and/or military goals?

The ultimate goal of Iran's nuclear programme remains uncertain. While the nuclear reactor of Bushehr has finally been connected to the power grid, the nuclear fuel enrichment activities and their location cause concern to the international community. Thirty years of nuclear investments demonstrate a negative cost–benefit analysis: technical constraints and economic and infrastructural requirements constitute a burden on the implementation of a nuclear programme. This article analyses the economic, legal, technical and political aspects of the Iranian programme in order to uncover its civil and/or military finality.     

喷气燃料中硫化物对银片腐蚀的量化表征

银片腐蚀主要受喷气燃料中硫化物的影响,不同种类、结构的硫化物对银片腐蚀的影响不同,从喷气燃料中硫化物系统角度来研究对银片腐蚀影响是很有意义的。采用量化自组织神经网络从定性、定量两个方面研究喷气燃料中硫化物对银片腐蚀的影响,研究结果表明,能够从喷气燃料硫化物的存在情况来预测银片腐蚀结果。     

变质喷气燃料中腐蚀性物质的确定

银片腐蚀试验是评价喷气燃料腐蚀性的重要指标。喷气燃料在运输或贮存过程中有时会发生变质,出现银片腐蚀不合格的现象。确定引起银片腐蚀的物质,对于弄清喷气燃料变质原因和制定相应的预防措施具有重要意义。通过对变质喷气燃料中腐蚀性物质的测定及对其腐蚀性的考察,确定了直接引起腐蚀的物质是元素硫、硫化氢和硫醇,其中元素硫是最主要的腐蚀性物质,硫化氢有一定腐蚀作用,硫醇单独存在时不腐蚀银片,但与元素硫共存时,对银片腐蚀有显著的促进作用。     

基于模糊综合评判的空军油料节约评估

空军油料节约是当前空军全面建设现代后勤的重要工作内容。探讨了空军油料节约的评估,通过对影响空军油料节约效果的因素分析,从人员节油素质、飞行训练节油、维护保养节油、精细化管理节油4个方面构建了空军油料节约的指标体系。运用模糊综合评判对空军油料节约的效果进行了评估。通过实例分析验证了模型,为空军油料节约提供了决策依据。     

坦克柴油机比油耗实车测试的研究

针对实车检测坦克柴油机比油耗的原理和方法作了探讨,对12150L柴油机进行了实车比油耗测试,认为用无负荷方法实车测定柴油机有效功率,同时用涡轮流量计测量燃油消耗量是实车测量发动机比油耗可行的方法。     

INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF FRESH FUEL SUPPLY AND SPENT FUEL DISPOSAL

Recent events in Iran and elsewhere demand a reevaluation of the need for increasing nuclear fuel supplies and assuring reliable flow of fuel to nuclear power user states vis-à-vis the need for strengthened security for all countries against the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The right of countries to a guaranteed supply of nuclear energy for peaceful uses must be balanced with the global community's desire to limit flows of nuclear material and sensitive nuclear facilities that could create opportunities for nuclear proliferation. This article proposes elements of an international regime of fresh fuel supply and spent fuel disposal that will guarantee fresh fuel supplies to countries honoring their obligations under the Treaty for the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), while reducing concerns about diversion of spent fuel for weapons purposes. A specific application to countries with small pre-commercial uranium enrichment plants is also proposed.     

Novel aluminum-based fuel: Facile preparation to improve thermal reactions

To improve the thermal properties of aluminum (Al) in the energetic system, a coated structure with ammonium perchlorate (AP) was prepared by a facile approach. And N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was chosen as an ideal solvent based on heterogeneous nucleation theory and molecular dynamics simulation. This coated structure could enlarge the contact area and improve the reaction environment to enhance the thermal properties. The addition of AP could accelerate oxidation temperature of Al with around 17.5 °C. And the heat release of 85@15 composition rises to 26.13 kJ/g and the reaction degree is 97.6% with higher peak pressure (254.6 kPa) and rise rate (1.397 MPa/s). An ideal ratio with 15 wt% AP was probed primarily. The high energy laser-induced shockwave experiment was utilized to simulate the reaction behavior in hot field. And the larger activated mixture of coated powder could release more energy to promote the growth of shockwave with higher speed up to 518.7 ± 55.9 m/s. In conclusion, 85@15 composition is expected to be applied in energetic system as a novel metal fuel.     

FAE野外空中爆炸效应实验研究及其一次起爆机理探讨

野外进行1．8kg的FAE静爆实验,采用不同配方的纯固态燃料和液一固混合燃料与等质量的TNT对比分析。实验结果表明,FAE的爆炸效果明显优于等质量的TNT,而纯固态FAE爆炸性能强于液一固混合FAE;FAE爆炸后测到的超压分布呈现单调减趋势,这是由于测量点都分布在云爆区范围之外;FAE的云雾分散效果优于等质量的TNT装药,火焰持续时间也长。通过高速摄影图片看出,合适配方的纯固态无约束的FAE弹体火球的持续时间与有约束的液一固混合FAE弹体相当。分析了纯固态FAE爆炸后超压峰值时刻与火球最大直径时刻不同步的原因,探讨了纯固态FAE一次起爆机理。     

喷气燃料中特征真菌Amorphotheca resinae的生物学性状研究

通过提供不同的碳源对喷气燃料中检测出的特征真菌Amorphotheca resinae(A.resinae)进行培养,观察菌落和孢子形态,研究其生物学性状;在液体培养基中对其进行振荡培养时出现了油包水现象,从而对特征真菌污染过的油、水相进行表面张力测定。研究结果表明:A.resinae在固体培养基中生长缓慢且出现角变现象;孢子直径仅约1μm;被特征真菌污染过的水相表面张力降低,推测培养A.resinae时可能产生了生物表面活性物质。