A bidirectional heuristic for maximizing the net present value of large‐scale projects subject to limited resources

We consider the scheduling of large‐scale projects to maximize the project net present value given temporal and resource constraints. The net present value objective emphasizes the financial aspects of project management. Temporal constraints between the start times of activities make it possible to handle practical problem assumptions. Scarce resources are an expression of rising cost. Since optimization techniques are not expedient to solve such problems and most heuristic methods known from literature cannot deal with general temporal constraints, we propose a new bidirectional priority‐rule based method. Scheduling activities with positive cash flows as early and activities with negative cash flows as late as possible results in a method which is completed by unscheduling techniques to cope with scarce resources. In a computational experiment, we compare the well‐known serial generation scheme where all activities are scheduled as early as possible with the proposed bidirectional approach. On the basis of a comprehensive data set known from literature containing instances with up to 1002 activities, the efficiency of the new approach is demonstrated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

一种基于小研抛盘修形的CCOS边缘效应修正方法

计算机控制光学表面技术（CCOS）是加工离轴非球面的一项重要技术。小磨头抛光的边缘效应严重制约CCOS技术的加工精度和加工效率,目前并无十分具体的解决措施。本文在获得影响边缘效应的关键参数后,结合残余误差等高线的路径规划,对CCOS产生的边缘效应产生的翘边现象进行修正,通过对一块体育场形离轴非球面的加工,获得了全口径光学测量数据,为后续精加工提供面形基础。     

卫星导航抗干扰接收机信道大动态范围通用设计方法研究*

为适应“导航战”下的强干扰输入,导航接收机对模拟信道的动态范围提出了更高的要求。在给定的信噪比恶化容限约束下,原有的分析方法给出了二维曲线分析模型,得到了动态范围的优化设计及各级增益划分方法,但仅适用于输出功率基本不变的AGC电路。基于增加的AGC输出回退功率这一参数,论文提出了一种三维曲面求解模型,揭示了各电路参量与模拟信道动态范围的约束关系,可适用于输出功率变化的AGC电路,以实现更高的动态范围。针对三维模型中参数求解复杂的问题,利用纯衰减网络的特性将复杂的数值求解简化为直线求解,大幅降低了设计复杂度。在给出的设计实例中,动态范围测试结果与设计预期吻合较好,验证了方法的正确性。     

音圈电机驱动的超精密快刀伺服系统的性能研究

基于快刀伺服系统的超精密金刚石车削加工技术是光学自由曲面高效率、高精密的加工手段。本文介绍了一种新的音圈电机驱动的超精密快刀伺服系统,行程达到30mm,最大加速度为920m/s₂。通过实验手段获得了系统的运动模型,来用于控制器的设计。针对一类典型的光学自由曲面-微透镜阵列进行了加工,并对加工结果进行了测试与分析。测试结果表明,所研制的快刀伺服系统达到了加工技术要求,为以后该系统在实际加工中更广泛的应用研究打下了基础。     

中继卫星调度问题的CSP模型

中继卫星在地球同步静止轨道上运行,既能直视中、低轨道用户航天器,又能直视地面站,是沟通用户航天器与地面站的桥梁。中继卫星调度问题是一类非常重要的调度问题。基于约束满足理论,通过分析中继卫星调度问题的特点与约束条件,建立了中继卫星调度问题的CSP模型。利用卫星工具箱STK进行模拟仿真,对CSP模型进行了求解。结果表明,所建立的CSP模型是合理的。     

陆军通用装备保障体系改革研究

对陆军通用保障体系建设现状及存在的问题进行了分析,提出了陆军通用装备保障体系改革的目标和原则,从科学统筹保障任务、优化配置专业力量、统一建设保障手段、强化基于信息系统的体系运行管理等4个方面阐述了具体改革内容,为陆军通用装备保障体系改革实践提供了理论依据和支撑。     

论化工企业的防火设计

通过分析现行化工企业防火设计的基本做法和趋势,提出化工企业防火设计的要点及应注意的问题.     

Opportunistic retooling of a flexible machine subject to failure

A set of jobs can be processed without interruption by a flexible machine only if the set of tools required by all jobs can be loaded in the tool magazine. However, in practice the total number of tools required by a job set would exceed the tool magazine capacity. In such situations, the job set has to be carefully partitioned at the start of the production run such that each partition can be processed without interruption. During the production run, if there are unscheduled machine downtimes due to machine failure, this provides an additional opportunity to optimally retool the magazine for a smaller job set consisting of just the unprocessed jobs. In this paper, we study job sequencing rules that allow us to minimize the total expected cost of machine down time due to machine failures and magazine retooling, assuming a dynamic re‐sequencing of the unprocessed jobs after each machine failure. Using these rules, we develop a branch‐and‐bound heuristic that allows us to solve problems of reasonable size. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 79–97, 2001     

四阶Fibonacci数列的通项及性质

著名的二阶Fibonacci数列有许多通项表达式和性质.文中运用矩阵方法,对四阶Fibonacci数列进行了比较深入的研究,求得了四阶Fibonacci数列的3个通项表达式,并得到了一些与Fibonacci数列相似的性质.     

指控系统总体设计中的车电综合设计

围绕指控系统总体设计中的车电综合设计,描述了车电综合设计的概念。以提高指控系统的一致性、互换性、可维修性和可靠性为目标,提出了相关设计原则。从工程应用和技术实现的角度出发,提出了设计过程中应考虑的方舱布局、供电系统、车辆布线、避雷设计、电连接器选型、线缆选型等多方面的因素及其实现方法。最后,提出了在总体设计前期必须重视车电综合设计的观点。