铁路区间信号系统测试评估平台——自动闭塞移频信号的数据采集及验证

铁路区间信号系统测试评估平台中数据采集和验证子系统研究移频信号的数据采集、A/D转换和信号显示,移频信号的处理是对被测系统发送和接收的移频信号的载频和调制低频鉴频鉴幅,进行验证,为测试评估平台对被测系统的功能、可靠性和安全性评估作必要的数据准备.     

软件测试的故障模型

故障模型是测试的基础,也是一个测试方法成熟的重要标志.软件的错误表现为2个方面:①计算结果错误;②系统"死机".导致第1类错误的故障相对来说是比较容易检测的.导致系统死机的故障其后果是严重的,这类故障由于一般其检测概率较小,也往往难以检测.死循环故障是最常见的能引起系统死机的故障,但这种故障由于其复杂性难以对其模型化,同时在许多情况下,死循环故障也比较容易暴露.对C 中几种能导致系统死机的典型故障进行了分析,这种故障的检测其意义重大,将这些典型的故障组合在一起,就构成了面向软件系统死机故障的故障模型.     

Development programs for one‐shot systems using multiple‐state design reliability models

Design reliability at the beginning of a product development program is typically low, and development costs can account for a large proportion of total product cost. We consider how to conduct development programs (series of tests and redesigns) for one‐shot systems (which are destroyed at first use or during testing). In rough terms, our aim is to both achieve high final design reliability and spend as little of a fixed budget as possible on development. We employ multiple‐state reliability models. Dynamic programming is used to identify a best test‐and‐redesign strategy and is shown to be presently computationally feasible for at least 5‐state models. Our analysis is flexible enough to allow for the accelerated stress testing needed in the case of ultra‐high reliability requirements, where testing otherwise provides little information on design reliability change. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

基于遗传算法的陆基导航布站方法研究

陆基导航是一种通过高精度的测距进行定位、定速的系统,其定位、定速精度与布站有密切关系.为优化陆基导航的布站结果,提高惯性+陆基复合导航精度,提出了一种基于遗传算法的陆基导航布站方法.推导了使用惯性+陆基复合导航的Cramer-Rao下界(CRLB),并以其作为遗传算法布站寻优的适应性函数,再结合其他影响布站的因素作为约束条件,形成了基于遗传算法的布站方法.数学仿真表明,通过该方法的布站可得到较为满意的复合导航的精度,在实际工程应用中具有重要意义.     

解坦克分队武器-目标分配问题的小生境遗传算法

为快速求解坦克分队武器-目标分配（Weapon-Target Assignment,WTA）模型,对基本遗传算法的关键步骤进行改进,设计了独特的基于火力单元排序的战术种群初始化策略,引入小生境共享函数和参数自适应机制,完成了基于小生境自适应改进遗传算法的设计与实现。最后进行了仿真试验,试验结果表现出了良好的收敛效果。     

基于云进化的遗传粒子滤波算法

针对粒子滤波器存在的粒子贫乏问题,提出了一种基于云模型改进的遗传重采样方法。选择操作采用相隔一定代数进行随机采样的方式,防止选择压力过大导致粒子贫化;利用Y云发生器实现变异操作,根据粒子的观测概率自适应控制搜索范围,在现有粒子的附近搜索精良粒子,在提高粒子有效性的同时增加了粒子的多样性。仿真结果表明：改进后的算法有效地解决了粒子的贫乏问题,提高了滤波性能。     

Group testing procedures with quantitative features and incomplete identification

We present a group testing model for items characterized by marker random variables. An item is defined to be good (defective) if its marker is below (above) a given threshold. The items can be tested in groups; the goal is to obtain a prespecified number of good items by testing them in optimally sized groups. Besides this group size, the controller has to select a threshold value for the group marker sums, and the target number of groups which by the tests are classified to consist only of good items. These decision variables have to be chosen so as to minimize a cost function, which is a linear combination of the expected number of group tests and an expected penalty for missing the desired number of good items, subject to constraints on the probabilities of misclassifications. We treat two models of this kind: the first one is based on an infinite population size, whereas the second one deals with the case of a finite number of available items. All performance measures are derived in closed form; approximations are also given. Furthermore, we prove monotonicity properties of the components of the objective function and of the constraints. In several examples, we study (i) the dependence of the cost function on the decision variables and (ii) the dependence of the optimal values of the decision variables (group size, group marker threshold, and stopping rule for groups classified as clean) and of the target functionals (optimal expected number of tests, optimal expected penalty, and minimal expected cost) on the system parameters.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

基于ARM-WindowsCE的便携式漏磁检测仪设计

为了分析漏磁信号和缺陷类型之间存在的对应关系,研制了一种适合现场检测的便携式漏磁检测仪。给出基于ARM9嵌入式结构的漏磁检测仪总体结构,该检测仪以S3C2440A处理器为核心,采用WindowsCE5.0为操作系统,以HONEYWELL公司的HMC1021磁阻传感器来获取铁磁材料表面的漏磁信号,较好地实现了漏磁检测仪的基本功能。     

遗传算法的经验公式仿真元模型构建方法

针对组合模型的构建问题,从子模型的操作系统、开发平台、表现形式、硬件环境等4方面分析了采用经验公式仿真元模型的必要性;在均匀试验基础上,提出了基于遗传算法的经验公式仿真元模型构建方法,并研究了其中的关键问题,包括经验公式基本形态的编码方式、目标函数与适应度函数、交叉算子、选择算子、变异算子;最后采用经验公式仿真元模型研...     

管道超声导波无损检测技术应用研究

利用研制的磁致伸缩超声导波无损检测装置对长直无缝钢管、舰用锅炉U型管和弯管进行了大量试验研究.研究发现,通过对该装置中磁致伸缩传感器的放置位置及方向进行适当调整,此装置即可在管道中激发纵向导波;该技术对管道壁厚减薄、磨损或腐蚀、裂纹、焊缝等缺陷同样具有检测能力;选择低频(20~40 kHz)激励脉冲信号有利于减少波的发散特性和提高缺陷的检测能力;导波在管道中传播衰减缓慢,适用于长距离、大范围、快速、非接触管道检测.