Nash bargaining over allocations in inventory pooling contracts

When facing uncertain demand, several firms may consider pooling their inventories leading to the emergence of two key contractual issues. How much should each produce or purchase for inventory purposes? How should inventory be allocated when shortages occur to some of the firms? Previously, if the allocations issue was considered, it was undertaken through evaluation of the consequences of an arbitrary priority scheme. We consider both these issues within a Nash bargaining solution (NBS) cooperative framework. The firms may not be risk neutral, hence a nontransferable utility bargaining game is defined. Thus the physical pooling mechanism itself must benefit the firms, even without any monetary transfers. The firms may be asymmetric in the sense of having different unit production costs and unit revenues. Our assumption with respect to shortage allocation is that a firm not suffering from a shortfall, will not be affected by any of the other firms' shortages. For two risk neutral firms, the NBS is shown to award priority on all inventory produced to the firm with higher ratio of unit revenue to unit production cost. Nevertheless, the arrangement is also beneficial for the other firm contributing to the total production. We provide examples of Uniform and Bernoulli demand distributions, for which the problem can be solved analytically. For firms with constant absolute risk aversion, the agreement may not award priority to any firm. Analytically solvable examples allow additional insights, e.g. that higher risk aversion can, for some problem parameters, cause an increase in the sum of quantities produced, which is not the case in a single newsvendor setting. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Noncooperative cost spanning tree games with budget restrictions

We extend the noncooperative game associated with the cost spanning tree problem introduced by Bergantiños and Lorenzo (Math Method Oper Res 59(2004), 393–403) to situations where agents have budget restrictions. We study the Nash equilibria, subgame perfect Nash equilibria, and strong Nash equilibria of this game. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2008     

Detection of a Markovian target with optimization of the search efforts under generalized linear constraints

This paper deals with search for a target following a Markovian movement or a conditionally deterministic motion. The problem is to allocate the search efforts, when search resources renew with generalized linear constraints. The model obtained is extended to resource mixing management. New optimality equations of de Guenin's style are obtained. Practically, the problem is solved by using an algorithm derived from the FAB method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 117–142, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.10009     

Reconsidering the Legal Equality of Combatants

ABSTRACT

The legal equality of combatants (LEC) is a fixture of international law and just war theory. Both scholars who embrace and those who reject the moral equality of combatants seem committed to the legal equality of combatants. Their reasons usually include pragmatic worries about unjust combatants committing even more harm if they were to be simply prohibited from fighting. In this article I argue that this sweeping commitment to the legal equality of combatants is mistaken and that it is often grounded in a misunderstanding of the way international law governs behavior.     

对策理论的防空作战决策级融合模型

随着防空C3I系统的发展,防空作战决策的过程较以往更为自动化,用于生成各种作战辅助决策方案的计算机模型也具备随着作战环境改变所表现出一定的自适应调整的特征.影响防空作战决策结果正确性的因素众多,表现这些因素的信息有些是冲突的,为得到更为准确、有效的决策方案,各类冲突信息的处理成为防空作战的核心问题.构造了一种在冲突信息环境下基于对策理论的融合模型,以对策理论的相关算法实现了融合中心各类信息的交互决策.实践表明,这一融合模型能有效地解决防空作战决策中各类信息的综合处理问题,具有一定的实用价值.     

基于装备多寿命周期理论的发动机再制造工程及其效益分析

为了延长装备的回用时间,减少装备对环境的影响及充分利用资源,介绍了基于装备多寿命周期理论的发动机再制造工程,对发动机再制造的内涵、工艺流程、经济社会效益进行了分析。以年再制造1万台重型车辆斯太尔发动机为例进行了效益分析,结果表明可以节省金属材料7.65 kt,回收附加值3.23亿元,提供就业500人,并可节电1.45×108kWh,减少CO2排放0.6 kt,说明发展再制造工程对延长装备寿命周期、节能、节材、环保等方面具有重要意义。     

基于通用黑板模型的IMSE网络中心节点识别

运用通用黑板理论和D-S证据理论探索IMSE网络中心节点识别问题。构建了基于通用黑板框架的IMSE网络中心节点识别模型,讨论了该模型体系的体系结构和实现方法,对该模型的工作流程进行了详细论述。给出了一种基于D-S证据理论的高效识别规则。该系统中专家系统直接给出了基本概率赋值,减少了计算繁琐程度,从而可大大减轻目标识别系统的压力。最后通过仿真结果具体分析了模型的工作情况。     

基于云模型的物元综合评估方法

将云模型与物元理论相结合,提出了一种基于云模型的物元评估方法,构建了云模型与物元理论相结合的综合评估模型.重点分析了云与数值、云与数值区间以及云与云之间的关联度计算方法,并应用示例说明了该方法的使用.最后由实例可以看出,所提方法实现了基于语言值的不确定评估.     

带有消声瓦的潜艇耐压壳的稳态振动和横向应力

采用混合分层理论和Ressiner混合变分原理,在壳的厚度方向取二次插值函数来描述位移沿厚度方向的变化规律;采用三次和四次插值函数来描述横向应力沿厚度方向的变化,线形处理筋条的变形,推导出粘弹加筋层合圆柱壳的动力学方程和协调方程组,并采用拉普拉斯变换,得出简支粘弹加筋层合圆柱壳稳态振动的响应解。对于自由阻尼层合圆柱壳,所给出的振动频率和结构损耗因子与解析解吻合良好.结果表明,较高的层间横向正应力是引起潜艇消声瓦脱落的主要因素,而采用较高模量的粘弹性阻尼材料将降低层间横向应力的幅值.     

基于IRT的自适应学习管理系统设计

从新一代网络教育标准体系的架构入手,结合学习管理系统标准,提出了用标准格式绑定学习单元的方法,并且结合项目反应理论,实现了自适应学习管理和跟踪。标准化的结构设计有利于教育资源在不同系统间的交互、共享和重用,而自适应的学习跟踪使得远程网络教育过程更符合人的学习规律,能够有效地提高学习效率.